Department of Personality, Psychological Assessment and Treatment, University of Seville, Spain.
Pain Res Manag. 2013 Jul-Aug;18(4):e48-54. doi: 10.1155/2013/424839.
Locus of control (LOC) is related to the impact of headaches and chronic pain; however, literature evidence regarding LOC is not always consistent. Several authors consider this to be due, in part, to the separate interpretation of LOC factors, during which the interaction among them is ignored. In 1982, Wallston and Wallston proposed eight possible LOC health patterns depending on whether the individual scored high or low in each of three dimensions.
To identify these LOC patterns in patients with headaches and chronic pain, and to validate them in terms of their association with a selection of the main pain indicators.
A total of 228 individuals were recruited at three public centres in Seville, Spain. Participants completed a semistructured clinical interview and several questionnaires assessing psychological variables related to pain. The main statistical analyses used were two-step cluster analysis and ANCOVA.
The six-cluster solution was optimal. The patterns observed coincided with: the believer in control; the yea-sayer; the pure chance; the pure internal; the pure professional; and the nay-sayer clusters. The double external or type VI clusters were not observed. Clusters could be classified from the best to the worst adjustment to chronic pain.
These results support the empirical validity of the theoretical model of LOC patterns proposed in 1982 by Wallston and Wallston among a chronic pain population. The analysis of patterns provides more accurate information regarding the adjustment to pain compared with analysis of the LOC factors separately.
控制源（LOC）与头痛和慢性疼痛的影响有关；然而，关于 LOC 的文献证据并不总是一致的。一些作者认为，这部分是由于在单独解释 LOC 因素时忽略了它们之间的相互作用。1982 年，Wallston 和 Wallston 提出了八种可能的 LOC 健康模式，这取决于个体在三个维度中的每一个维度上的高分还是低分。
确定头痛和慢性疼痛患者中的这些 LOC 模式，并根据它们与一些主要疼痛指标的关联来验证它们。
共在西班牙塞维利亚的三个公共中心招募了 228 名参与者。参与者完成了半结构化临床访谈和几项评估与疼痛相关的心理变量的问卷。主要的统计分析使用两步聚类分析和协方差分析。
六聚类解决方案是最佳的。观察到的模式与以下模式一致：控制信仰者；肯定者；纯机会主义者；纯内部主义者；纯专业主义者；和否定者集群。没有观察到双外部或类型 VI 集群。可以根据对慢性疼痛的适应情况，将集群从最佳到最差进行分类。
这些结果支持了 Wallston 和 Wallston 于 1982 年提出的 LOC 模式理论模型在慢性疼痛人群中的实证有效性。与单独分析 LOC 因素相比，分析模式提供了更准确的疼痛适应信息。
