Lencastre André, Tosti Antonella
Serviço de Dermatologia, Hospital de Santo António dos Capuchos, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central Lisbon, Portugal.
Pediatr Dermatol. 2013 Nov-Dec;30(6):674-82. doi: 10.1111/pde.12173. Epub 2013 Aug 13.
Hair and scalp disorders in children may originate from the hair itself, scalp skin, or infectious causes and be congenital or acquired. The most common sign is alopecia, frequently brought on by tinea capitis, patchy alopecia areata, or trichotillomania. Sometimes less frequent and clinically more elusive conditions such as initial androgenetic alopecia, congenital triangular alopecia, or alopecia areata incognita may be responsible for hair loss. The noninvasive technique known as trichoscopy is being used more frequently, aiding in the prompt differential diagnosis and follow-up of many of these diseases, oftentimes providing further examination before a treatment decision is made. This review of trichoscopy of the main scalp and hair disorders afflicting children and adolescents discusses the most important dermoscopic criteria and the usefulness of this technique.
儿童的头发和头皮疾病可能源于头发本身、头皮皮肤或感染因素，可为先天性或后天性。最常见的体征是脱发，常由头癣、斑秃或拔毛癖引起。有时，不太常见且临床诊断更难的情况，如早期雄激素性脱发、先天性三角形脱发或难以识别的斑秃，也可能导致脱发。一种名为毛发镜检的非侵入性技术正被更频繁地使用，有助于对许多此类疾病进行快速鉴别诊断和随访，通常在做出治疗决定前提供进一步检查。这篇关于困扰儿童和青少年的主要头皮和头发疾病毛发镜检的综述讨论了最重要的皮肤镜标准以及该技术的实用性。
