Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, E.P.S of Linares, University of Jaén, Alfonso X, El Sabio 28, 23700 Linares, Jaén, Spain.
Chemosphere. 2013 Nov;93(9):2046-54. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.07.037. Epub 2013 Aug 12.
The potential presence of pharmaceuticals, hormones and personal care products in drinking water supplies has raised concerned over the efficiency with which these substances are removed by water treatment processes. In this work, we analyzed samples of raw, unprocessed water collected in different periods and found them to contain higher levels of these contaminants in the colder periods (viz. 12-314 ng L(-1) in autumn and winter as compared to 8-127 ng L(-1) in spring and summer) as a result of their biodegradation being favoured by high temperatures and solar irradiance. We also assessed the efficiency with which these contaminants are removed from drinking water by a water treatment plant operating in south-eastern Spain. Preoxidation with potassium permanganate and chloramination with sodium hypochlorite in the presence of highly concentrated ammonia were found to be the treatment steps most markedly contributing to the removal of pharmaceuticals, hormones and personal care products from drinking water (especially in the warmer periods, where these contaminants were completely removed from the water). By contrast, water treated in the colder periods (autumn and winter) still contained small amounts of ibuprofen and carbamazepine (0.09-0.5 ng L(-1)) which, however, accounted for less than 0.2% of their original concentrations in the water prior to treatment.
饮用水中药物、激素和个人护理产品的存在引起了人们的关注,即这些物质在水处理过程中的去除效率。在这项工作中,我们分析了不同时期采集的原始未处理水样,结果发现这些水样在较冷的时期(如秋冬季为 12-314ng/L,而春夏季为 8-127ng/L)含有更高水平的这些污染物,这是由于高温和太阳辐射有利于它们的生物降解。我们还评估了西班牙东南部一家水处理厂去除饮用水中这些污染物的效率。研究发现,高锰酸钾预氧化和氨存在下的氯胺化是去除饮用水中药物、激素和个人护理产品的最有效处理步骤(尤其是在较温暖的时期,这些污染物被完全从水中去除)。相比之下,在较冷的时期(秋季和冬季)处理的水中仍含有少量布洛芬和卡马西平(0.09-0.5ng/L),但这些污染物在处理前水中的原始浓度不到 0.2%。