Wichers M
Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, South Limburg Mental Health Research and Teaching Network, EURON, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Psychol Med. 2014 May;44(7):1349-60. doi: 10.1017/S0033291713001979. Epub 2013 Aug 14.
The examination of moment-to-moment, 'micro-level' patterns of experience and behaviour using experience sampling methodology has contributed to our understanding of the 'macro-level' development of full-blown symptoms and disorders. This paper argues that the micro-level perspective can be used to identify the smallest building blocks underlying the onset and course of mental ill-health. Psychopathology may be the result of the continuous dynamic interplay between micro-level moment-to-moment experiences and behavioural patterns over time. Reinforcing loops between momentary states may alter the course of mental health towards either a more or less healthy state. An example with observed data, from a population of individuals with depressive symptoms, supports the validity of a dynamic network model of psychopathology and shows that together and over time, this continuous interplay between momentary states may result in the cluster of symptoms we call major depressive disorder. This approach may help conceptualize the nature of mental disorders, and generate individualized insights useful for diagnosis and treatment in psychiatry.
使用经验取样法对即时的“微观层面”的体验和行为模式进行考察，有助于我们理解全面症状和障碍的“宏观层面”发展。本文认为，微观层面的视角可用于识别心理健康问题发作和发展过程的最小构成要素。精神病理学可能是微观层面即时体验与行为模式随时间持续动态相互作用的结果。瞬间状态之间的强化循环可能会使心理健康状况朝着更健康或更不健康的状态转变。一个来自有抑郁症状个体群体的观察数据示例，支持了精神病理学动态网络模型的有效性，并表明随着时间推移，瞬间状态之间的这种持续相互作用可能会导致我们称之为重度抑郁症的症状群。这种方法可能有助于概念化精神障碍的本质，并产生对精神病学诊断和治疗有用的个性化见解。
