Peng Xinyuan, Jiang Da, Tse Dwight C K, Ho Yuen Wan, Lay Jennifer
Department of Special Education and Counselling, Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
Department of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland, UK.
Appl Psychol Health Well Being. 2025 Jun;17(3):e70052. doi: 10.1111/aphw.70052.
Adults spend a significant amount of time alone every day, but mindfulness factors influencing the experience of solitude (time spent alone) are underexplored. Based on person-environment fit theory, we examined the moderating role of five facets of trait mindfulness (observing, describing, acting with awareness, nonjudging of inner experiences, and nonreactivity to inner experiences) on the relationship between solitude and affective experiences. In this experience sampling study, 188 adults (M = 51.47, SD = 17.75, range = 19-93, 66.50% female) in Hong Kong completed a trait mindfulness questionnaire and then were notified five times a day for seven consecutive days to report their momentary social situation (in solitude or not) and affective states. We found that higher scores on describing and acting with awareness weakened the negative association between solitude and high-arousal positive affect. Higher nonreactivity to inner experiences amplified the positive association between solitude and low-arousal positive affect. Higher observing weakened the positive association between solitude and low-arousal negative affect. These findings enhance our understanding of solitude experiences by highlighting the role of trait mindfulness in enhancing affective experiences in solitude.
成年人每天都会花大量时间独处，但影响独处体验（即独自度过的时间）的正念因素却鲜有研究。基于人境契合理论，我们考察了特质正念的五个方面（观察、描述、有意识行动、不对内心体验作评判、不对内心体验产生反应）在独处与情感体验之间关系上的调节作用。在这项经验取样研究中，香港的188名成年人（M = 51.47，SD = 17.75，年龄范围 = 19 - 93岁，66.50%为女性）完成了一份特质正念问卷，然后在连续七天里每天收到五次通知，报告他们当时的社交状况（是否独处）和情感状态。我们发现，描述和有意识行动方面的得分越高，独处与高唤醒积极情感之间的负相关就越弱。对内心体验的反应性越低，独处与低唤醒积极情感之间的正相关就越强。观察方面的得分越高，独处与低唤醒消极情感之间的正相关就越弱。这些发现通过强调特质正念在增强独处时的情感体验中的作用，增进了我们对独处体验的理解。
