Wyatt Timon T, Wösten Han A B, Dijksterhuis Jan
Department of Applied and Industrial Mycology, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Adv Appl Microbiol. 2013;85:43-91. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-407672-3.00002-2.
Spores are an integral part of the life cycle of the gross majority of fungi. Their morphology and the mode of formation are both highly variable among the fungi, as is their resistance to stressors. The main aim for spores is to be dispersed, both in space, by various mechanisms or in time, by an extended period of dormancy. Some fungal ascospores belong to the most stress-resistant eukaryotic cells described to date. Stabilization is a process in which biomolecules and complexes thereof are protected by different types of molecules against heat, drought, or other molecules. This review discusses the most important compounds that are known to protect fungal spores and also addresses the biophysics of cell protection. It further covers the phenomena of dormancy, breaking of dormancy, and early germination. Germination is the transition from a dormant cell toward a vegetative cell and includes a number of specific changes. Finally, the applied aspects of spore biology are discussed.
孢子是绝大多数真菌生命周期中不可或缺的一部分。它们的形态和形成方式在真菌中高度可变，对压力源的抗性也是如此。孢子的主要目的是通过各种机制在空间中传播，或通过长时间休眠在时间上传播。一些真菌子囊孢子属于迄今为止描述的最抗逆的真核细胞。稳定化是一个过程，其中生物分子及其复合物受到不同类型分子的保护，免受高温、干旱或其他分子的影响。本综述讨论了已知保护真菌孢子的最重要化合物，并探讨了细胞保护的生物物理学。它还涵盖了休眠、休眠打破和早期萌发的现象。萌发是从休眠细胞向营养细胞的转变，包括许多特定的变化。最后，讨论了孢子生物学的应用方面。
