Iimaa Tuyajargal, Batmunkh Munkhjin, Dulguun Batbold, Dorjsuren Batsuren, Turmunkh Telmen, Tserennadmid Enkhjargal, Surenjav Unursaikhan, Choidash Battsetseg, Gereltuya Renchinkhand
Division of Graduate Education Policy and Management, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar 14210, Mongolia.
Department of Public Health Reference Laboratory, National Center for Public Health, Ministry of Health, Ulaanbaatar 13381, Mongolia.
J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2025 Jul 9;35:e2411073. doi: 10.4014/jmb.2411.11073.
Soil heavy metal contamination poses a significant global threat to both environmental and human health. The accumulation of heavy metals in the Earth's crust, driven by urbanization, industrialization, agricultural practices, improper waste disposal, and mining, triggers harmful ecological cascades. Microorganisms, particularly bacteria, play a vital role in the decomposition and detoxification of these contaminants. In contaminated environments, bacteria exhibit resistance to heavy metals through various strategies, including the production of metal-chelating molecules, alterations to cell surface properties, efflux pumps, and activation of detoxification pathways. Notable microbial species such as , , , , and show promising potential for bioremediation efforts. Harnessing bacterial resistance to heavy metals offers a cost-effective and sustainable approach to mitigate the adverse impacts of contamination. This review explores the mechanisms of heavy metal resistance in bacteria, the role of soil microbiota, and the implications for bioremediation strategies. This review emphasizes the critical importance of bacterial resistance in addressing soil contamination and highlight the need for further research to elucidate underlying mechanisms and enhance bioremediation applications in this urgent global challenge.
土壤重金属污染对环境和人类健康构成了重大的全球威胁。城市化、工业化、农业活动、不当的废物处理以及采矿导致重金属在地壳中积累，引发有害的生态级联反应。微生物，尤其是细菌，在这些污染物的分解和解毒过程中起着至关重要的作用。在受污染的环境中，细菌通过多种策略表现出对重金属的抗性，包括产生金属螯合分子、改变细胞表面特性、外排泵以及激活解毒途径。诸如 、 、 、 和 等著名的微生物物种在生物修复方面显示出有前景的潜力。利用细菌对重金属的抗性提供了一种经济有效且可持续的方法来减轻污染的不利影响。本综述探讨了细菌中重金属抗性的机制、土壤微生物群的作用以及对生物修复策略的影响。本综述强调了细菌抗性在解决土壤污染方面的至关重要性，并突出了进一步研究以阐明潜在机制并加强在这一紧迫的全球挑战中的生物修复应用的必要性。
