Ravikiran S R, Baliga B Shantharam, Jain Animesh, Kotian M Shashidhar
Department of Pediatrics, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal University, Karnataka, India,
Indian J Pediatr. 2014 Feb;81(2):114-9. doi: 10.1007/s12098-013-1164-y. Epub 2013 Aug 14.
To study the effect of socio-demographic factors, parental regulations and maternal television usage on the television viewing practices of Indian schoolchildren.
Mothers of 6-12 y old children were interviewed using a pre-tested questionnaire at the pediatric outpatient. The television viewing practices of 405 schoolchildren with maternal television viewing and parental television rules were analyzed. Specific television viewing practices considered harmful in the present study were- viewing television >2 h, viewing television just prior to sleep (at bedtime), predominantly viewing general adult channels and using television as an aid to sleep.
35.8 % (n = 145) of the children viewed television for >2 h on schooldays. 20 % (n = 81) used television as sleep-aid. 28.1 % (n = 114) children had televisions in the room they slept. The frequency of parental television rules were with respect to: duration of viewing- 77.5 % (n = 314), timing of viewing- 63.7 % (n = 258), content- 35.6 % (n = 144). The children of families with the rule needing of parental permission to switch on the television [present in 34.8 % (n = 141) children] had lower harmful television viewing practices: duration of television viewing on schooldays >2 h (23.4 %, n = 33, P < 0.001); television viewed just before sleep (39 %, n = 55, P < 0.001); use of television as sleep-aid (12.1 %, n = 17, P = 0.003). 26.7 % (n = 108) of the mothers viewed television for >2 h. Linear regression analysis showed association between average television duration of children and average maternal television duration on schooldays (Beta = 0.246, t = 5.09, P < 0.001). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that harmful television viewing practices were significantly more in children with television in bedroom [OR = 7.49(4.19-13.38), P < 0.001]. It was reduced significantly by the parental rules on content viewed [OR = 0.41(0.23-0.72), P = 0.002]; need of permission to switch on television [OR = 0.31(0.18-0.53), P < 0.001] and a higher maternal education [OR = 0.29 (0.14-0.59), P = 0.001].
Lower maternal education, increased maternal television usage, presence of television in bedroom resulted in harmful television viewing practices among Indian children. The parental rules that were effective in countering these were the rule on content viewed and needing parental permission to switch on television.
研究社会人口学因素、父母监管及母亲看电视习惯对印度学童看电视行为的影响。
在儿科门诊，采用预先测试的问卷对6至12岁儿童的母亲进行访谈。分析了405名有母亲看电视及父母看电视规定的学童的看电视行为。本研究中认为有害的特定看电视行为包括：上学日看电视超过2小时、睡前（就寝时间）看电视、主要观看成人综合频道以及把电视用作助眠工具。
35.8%（n = 145）的儿童在上学日看电视超过2小时。20%（n = 81）把电视用作助眠工具。28.1%（n = 114）的儿童卧室里有电视。父母看电视规定的频率涉及：观看时长——77.5%（n = 314），观看时间——63.7%（n = 258），内容——35.6%（n = 144）。需要父母许可才能打开电视的家庭中的儿童[占34.8%（n = 141）]有害看电视行为较少：上学日看电视时长超过2小时（23.4%，n = 33，P < 0.001）；睡前看电视（39%，n = 55，P < 0.001）；把电视用作助眠工具（12.1%，n = 17，P = 0.003）。26.7%（n = 108）的母亲看电视超过2小时。线性回归分析显示，儿童上学日平均看电视时长与母亲平均看电视时长之间存在关联（β = 0.246，t = 5.09，P < 0.001）。二元逻辑回归分析显示，卧室里有电视的儿童有害看电视行为显著更多[比值比（OR）= 7.49（4.19 - 13.38），P < 0.001]。父母对观看内容的规定[OR = 0.41（0.23 - 0.72），P = 0.002]；打开电视需要许可[OR = 0.31（0.18 - 0.53），P < 0.001]以及母亲受教育程度较高[OR = 0.29（0.14 - 0.59），P = 0.001]可显著减少这种行为。
母亲受教育程度较低、母亲看电视时间增加、卧室里有电视导致印度儿童出现有害看电视行为。有效应对这些问题的父母规定是对观看内容的规定以及打开电视需要父母许可。
