Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2013 Oct;98(4):872-84. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.113.064659. Epub 2013 Aug 14.
Whole grains have received increased attention for their potential role in weight regulation. A high intake has been associated with smaller weight gain in prospective cohort studies, whereas the evidence from randomized controlled studies has been less consistent.
We assessed the effects of whole-grain compared with non-whole-grain foods on changes in body weight, percentage of body fat, and waist circumference by using a meta-analytic approach.
We conducted a systematic literature search in selected databases. Studies were included in the review if they were randomized controlled studies of whole-grain compared with a non-whole-grain control in adults. A total of 2516 articles were screened for eligibility, and relevant data were extracted from 26 studies. Weighted mean differences were calculated, and a metaregression analysis was performed by using the whole-grain dose (g/d).
Data from 2060 participants were included. Whole-grain intake did not show any effect on body weight (weighted difference: 0.06 kg; 95% CI: -0.09, 0.20 kg; P = 0.45), but a small effect on the percentage of body fat was seen (weighted difference: -0.48%; 95% CI: -0.95%, -0.01%; P = 0.04) compared with that for a control. An examination of the impact of daily whole-grain intake could predict differences between groups, but there was no significant association (β = -0.0013 kg × g/d; 95% CI: -0.011, 0.009 kg × g/d).
Whole-grain consumption does not decrease body weight compared with control consumption, but a small beneficial effect on body fat may be present. The relatively short duration of intervention studies (≤16 wk) may explain the lack of difference in body weight and fat. Discrepancies between studies may be caused by differences in study design.
全谷物因其在体重调节方面的潜在作用而受到越来越多的关注。前瞻性队列研究表明，高摄入量与体重增加较小有关，而随机对照研究的证据则不太一致。
我们采用荟萃分析的方法评估全谷物与非全谷物食物相比对体重变化、体脂百分比和腰围的影响。
我们在选定的数据库中进行了系统的文献检索。本综述纳入的研究为全谷物与非全谷物对照在成年人中进行的随机对照研究。共筛选了 2516 篇文章以确定其是否符合纳入标准，从 26 项研究中提取了相关数据。计算了加权均数差值，并通过全谷物剂量（g/d）进行了荟萃回归分析。
纳入了 2060 名参与者的数据。全谷物摄入量对体重没有任何影响（加权差值：0.06 kg；95%置信区间：-0.09，0.20 kg；P = 0.45），但与对照组相比，体脂百分比有较小的降低趋势（加权差值：-0.48%；95%置信区间：-0.95%，-0.01%；P = 0.04）。对每日全谷物摄入量的影响进行检查可以预测组间差异，但无显著相关性（β = -0.0013 kg × g/d；95%置信区间：-0.011，0.009 kg × g/d）。
与对照摄入相比，全谷物摄入并不会降低体重，但可能对体脂有较小的有益影响。干预研究的持续时间相对较短（≤16 周）可能解释了体重和体脂无差异的原因。研究之间的差异可能是由于研究设计的不同造成的。
