笼养肉鸡生长过程中的氨气、一氧化二氮、甲烷和二氧化碳排放

[NH3, N2O, CH4 and CO2 emissions from growing process of caged broilers].

作者信息

Zhou Zhong-Kai, Zhu Zhi-Ping, Dong Hong-Min, Chen Yong-Xing, Shang Bin

机构信息

Key Laboratory of Energy Conservation and Waste Treatment of Agricultural Structure, Ministry of Agriculture; Animal Environment Facility Surveillance, Inspection and Testing Center (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.

出版信息

Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2013 Jun;34(6):2098-106.

PMID:23947019

Abstract

To obtain Ammonia and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission factors of caged broilers, ammonia (NH3), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions of broilers aged 0 d to 42 days were monitored in caged broilers production systems located in Shandong province. Gas concentrations of incoming and exhaust air streams were measured by using INNOVA 1312 multi-gas monitor with multi-channel samplers. Building ventilation rates were determined by on site FANS (Fan Assessment Numeration System) measurement systems. The NH3 emission factors showed a trend of increase at the beginning and then decreased with the broiler ages. The NH3 emission rates were 8.5 to 342.1 mg x (d x bird)(-1) and the average daily emission rate was 137.9 mg x (d x bird)(-1) [48.6 g x (d x AU)(-1)] over the 42-d period. The GHGs emission rates were 19.5-351.9 mg x (d x bird)(-1) with an average of 154.5 mg x (d x bird)(-1) [54.4 g x (d x AU)(-1)] for CH4, and 2.2- 152.9 g x (d x bird)(-10 with an average of 65.9 g x (d x bird)(-1) [23.2 kg x (d x AU)(-1)] for CO2. No emission of N2O was observed. The CH4 and CO2 emission rates increased with the increase of broilers ages. The total NH3 emission over the 42 d growing period averaged (5.65 +/- 1.02) g x (bird x life cycle)(-1). The NH3 emission contribution in different growth phase to the total emission were 33.6% in growth phase 1 (0-17 day, GP1), 36.4% in GP2 (18-27 days), and 29.9% in GP3 (28-42 days), respectively. The NH3 emission in GP2 was significantly higher than emission in GP1 and GP3. CH4 and CO2 cumulative emission rates were (6.30 +/- 0.16) g x (bird(-1) x life cycle)(-1) and (2.68 +/- 0.18) kg x (bird x life cycle)(-1), respectively. The cumulative emission rates of CH4 and CO2 in GP3 were significantly higher than emission rates in GP2 and in GP1, accounting for 50% of total emissions. The results of this study could provide the data support for mitigation of gas emission from broilers production.

摘要

为获取笼养肉鸡的氨气和温室气体（GHG）排放因子，在山东省的笼养肉鸡生产系统中，对0日龄至42日龄肉鸡的氨气（NH₃）、甲烷（CH₄）、一氧化二氮（N₂O）和二氧化碳（CO₂）排放进行了监测。使用配备多通道采样器的INNOVA 1312多气体监测仪测量进、排风气流中的气体浓度。通过现场风扇评估计数系统（FANS）测量系统确定鸡舍通风率。氨气排放因子呈现出先升高后随肉鸡年龄增长而降低的趋势。在42天的时间段内，氨气排放率为8.5至342.1毫克×（天×只）⁻¹，平均日排放率为137.9毫克×（天×只）⁻¹[48.6克×（天×饲养单元）⁻¹]。温室气体排放率方面，甲烷为19.5 - 351.9毫克×（天×只）⁻¹，平均为154.5毫克×（天×只）⁻¹[54.4克×（天×饲养单元）⁻¹]；二氧化碳为2.2 - 152.9克×（天×只）⁻¹，平均为65.9克×（天×只）⁻¹[23.2千克×（天×饲养单元）⁻¹]。未观察到一氧化二氮排放。甲烷和二氧化碳排放率随肉鸡年龄增长而增加。在42天的生长周期内，氨气总排放量平均为（5.65 ± 1.02）克×（只×生命周期）⁻¹。不同生长阶段氨气排放对总排放的贡献分别为：第1生长阶段（0 - 17天，GP1）为33.6%，第2生长阶段（18 - 27天，GP2）为36.4%，第3生长阶段（28 - 42天，GP3）为29.9%。GP2阶段的氨气排放量显著高于GP1和GP3阶段。甲烷和二氧化碳的累积排放率分别为（6.30 ± 0.16）克×（只⁻¹×生命周期）⁻¹和（2.68 ± 0.18）千克×（只×生命周期）⁻¹。GP3阶段甲烷和二氧化碳的累积排放率显著高于GP2和GP1阶段，占总排放量的50%。本研究结果可为减轻肉鸡生产中的气体排放提供数据支持。