Herz D A, Baez S, Shulman K
Stroke. 1975 Jul-Aug;6(4):417-24. doi: 10.1161/01.str.6.4.417.
Microsurgical and microscopic methods were employed in guinea pigs to expose, observe, and measure response characteristics of cerebral cortical pial microvessels and microcirculation to traumatic and nontraumatic experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage. Bleeding produced by vascular micropuncture was associated with a 44.3% arteriolar constriction. Topical application of homologous blood alone produced a 33.2% vasoconstriction. Observed microcirculatory flow characteristics subsequent to such microvascular changes were consistent with those known to be associated with cerebral cortical infarction. These changes could be prevented or reversed by topical application of the alpha adrenergic blocker, phenoxybenzamine. Topical pretreatment with the beta adrenergic blocker, propranolol, prevented blood-induced spasm, but did not reverse such spasm once it had been established. A chemo-mechanical mechanism is suggested as underlying the vasoconstriction association with rupture of pial microvessels. It is thought that consideration of such microvascular characteristics, in conjunction with those known to be associated with larger intracranial vessels, adds to current knowledge of the pathophysiology of subarachnoid hemorrhage and may be extrapolated to bear future clinical import.
在豚鼠身上采用显微外科和显微镜方法，以暴露、观察和测量大脑皮质软膜微血管及微循环对外伤性和非外伤性实验性蛛网膜下腔出血的反应特征。血管微穿刺引起的出血与小动脉44.3%的收缩有关。单纯局部应用同源血液可导致33.2%的血管收缩。在这种微血管变化之后观察到的微循环血流特征与已知与大脑皮质梗死相关的特征一致。局部应用α肾上腺素能阻滞剂苯氧苄胺可预防或逆转这些变化。用β肾上腺素能阻滞剂普萘洛尔进行局部预处理可预防血液诱导的痉挛，但一旦痉挛形成则无法逆转。有人提出一种化学-机械机制是软膜微血管破裂相关血管收缩的基础。据认为，考虑这些微血管特征，结合已知与较大颅内血管相关的特征，可增加目前对蛛网膜下腔出血病理生理学的认识，并可能推断其对未来临床的重要意义。
