阿曼消除乙型肝炎病毒传播的进展：乙型肝炎疫苗接种的影响。
Progress toward elimination of hepatitis B virus transmission in Oman: impact of hepatitis B vaccination.
机构信息
Office of H E of Health Affairs, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman; Department of Communicable Disease Surveillance and Control, Directorate General of Health Affairs, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman; Central Public Health Laboratory, Directorate General of Health Affairs, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman; Global Immunization Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
出版信息
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2013 Oct;89(4):811-5. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.13-0333. Epub 2013 Aug 19.
Approximately 2-7% of the Omani population has chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. To decrease this burden, universal childhood hepatitis B vaccination was introduced in Oman in 1990. The hepatitis B vaccination strategy and reported coverage were reviewed. To assess the impact of the program on chronic HBV seroprevalence, a nationally representative seroprevalence study was conducted in Oman in 2005. Since 1991, hepatitis B vaccination in Oman has reached almost every eligible child, with reported coverage of ≥ 97% for the birth dose and ≥ 94% for three doses. Of 175 children born pre-vaccine introduction, 16 (9.1%) had evidence of HBV exposure, and 4 (2.3%) had evidence of chronic infection. Of 1,890 children born after vaccine introduction, 43 (2.3%) had evidence of HBV exposure, and 10 (0.5%) had evidence of chronic infection. Oman has a strong infant hepatitis B vaccination program, resulting in a dramatic decrease in chronic HBV seroprevalence.
约 2-7%的阿曼人口患有慢性乙型肝炎病毒 (HBV) 感染。为了降低这一负担，1990 年阿曼在全国范围内为儿童普遍接种乙肝疫苗。本研究回顾了阿曼的乙型肝炎疫苗接种策略和报告覆盖率。为了评估该计划对慢性 HBV 血清流行率的影响，2005 年在阿曼进行了一项全国代表性的血清流行率研究。自 1991 年以来，阿曼的乙型肝炎疫苗接种已几乎覆盖了所有符合条件的儿童，出生时一剂疫苗的报告覆盖率≥97%，三剂疫苗的报告覆盖率≥94%。在疫苗接种前出生的 175 名儿童中，有 16 名（9.1%）有 HBV 暴露证据，4 名（2.3%）有慢性感染证据。在疫苗接种后出生的 1890 名儿童中，有 43 名（2.3%）有 HBV 暴露证据，10 名（0.5%）有慢性感染证据。阿曼有一个强大的婴儿乙型肝炎疫苗接种计划，导致慢性 HBV 血清流行率显著下降。
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