Langhagen T, Lehnen N, Krause E, Jahn K
Deutsches Zentrum für Schwindel und Gleichgewichtsstörungen (IFB), Klinikum der Universität München, Standort Großhadern, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, München, Deutschland.
HNO. 2013 Sep;61(9):791-802; quiz 803-4. doi: 10.1007/s00106-013-2705-4.
Migraine equivalents are the most common cause of vertigo in children and adolescents. Vertigo and balance disorders occur frequently in children during the course of otitis media, middle ear effusion and viral infections. If otitis media is associated with reduced hearing and vertigo, labyrinthitis must be considered. Craniocerebral injury is another important cause of vertigo in children. In contrast, spontaneous benign paroxysmal positional vertigo is rare among children. The isolated cases of endolymphatic hydrops that occur in children are usually secondary. Perilymph fistula can have congenital, infectious or trauma-related causes. The following characteristics are useful for differentiating between different vertiginous syndromes: type and duration of vertigo, triggering/aggravating/alleviating factors and accompanying symptoms. A neuro-ophthalmologic examination is essential to rule out central vestibular disorders.
偏头痛等位症是儿童和青少年眩晕最常见的病因。眩晕和平衡障碍在儿童中耳炎、中耳积液及病毒感染过程中频繁发生。如果中耳炎伴有听力减退和眩晕，必须考虑迷路炎。颅脑损伤是儿童眩晕的另一个重要病因。相比之下，特发性良性阵发性位置性眩晕在儿童中罕见。儿童发生的孤立性内淋巴积水病例通常是继发性的。外淋巴瘘可有先天性、感染性或与创伤相关的病因。以下特征有助于区分不同的眩晕综合征：眩晕的类型和持续时间、诱发/加重/缓解因素及伴随症状。神经眼科检查对于排除中枢性前庭疾病至关重要。
