Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Rockville, MD 20892-9704, USA.
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2013 Sep;22(9):1620-7. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-13-0334. Epub 2013 Aug 20.
Recent findings suggest that alcohol consumption may reduce risk of multiple myeloma.
To better understand this relationship, we conducted an analysis of six case-control studies participating in the International Multiple Myeloma Consortium (1,567 cases, 7,296 controls). Summary ORs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) relating different measures of alcohol consumption and multiple myeloma risk were computed by unconditional logistic regression with adjustment for age, race, and study center.
Cases were significantly less likely than controls to report ever drinking alcohol (men: OR = 0.72; 95% CI, 0.59-0.89; women: OR = 0.81; 95% CI, 0.68-0.95). The inverse association with multiple myeloma was stronger when comparing current to never drinkers (men: OR = 0.57; 95% CI, 0.45-0.72; women: OR = 0.55; 95% CI, 0.45-0.68), but null among former drinkers. We did not observe an exposure-response relationship with increasing alcohol frequency, duration, or cumulative lifetime consumption. Additional adjustment for body mass index, education, or smoking did not affect our results; and the patterns of association were similar for each type of alcohol beverage examined.
Our study is, to our knowledge, the largest of its kind to date, and our findings suggest that alcohol consumption may be associated with reduced risk of multiple myeloma.
Prospective studies, especially those conducted as pooled analyses with large sample sizes, are needed to confirm our findings and further explore whether alcohol consumption provides true biologic protection against this rare, highly fatal malignancy.
最近的研究结果表明，饮酒可能降低多发性骨髓瘤的发病风险。
为了更好地理解这种关系，我们对参与国际多发性骨髓瘤联合会的六项病例对照研究（1567 例病例，7296 例对照）进行了分析。采用非条件逻辑回归模型，对不同饮酒指标与多发性骨髓瘤发病风险之间的关系进行汇总分析，计算比值比（OR）及其 95%置信区间（CI），并对年龄、种族和研究中心进行了调整。
病例组报告曾经饮酒的可能性明显低于对照组（男性：OR=0.72；95%CI，0.59-0.89；女性：OR=0.81；95%CI，0.68-0.95）。与从不饮酒者相比，当前饮酒者的发病风险更低（男性：OR=0.57；95%CI，0.45-0.72；女性：OR=0.55；95%CI，0.45-0.68），但在既往饮酒者中则无此关联。我们未发现饮酒频率、持续时间或累计终生饮酒量与多发性骨髓瘤风险之间存在暴露-反应关系。进一步调整体重指数、教育程度或吸烟状况并未影响我们的结果；而且对于每种类型的酒精饮料，关联模式均相似。
就我们所知，本研究是迄今为止规模最大的同类研究之一，研究结果提示饮酒可能与多发性骨髓瘤发病风险降低相关。
需要开展前瞻性研究，特别是采用大型样本量进行汇总分析的研究，以验证我们的发现，并进一步探讨饮酒是否为这种罕见且致命性极高的恶性肿瘤提供了真正的生物学保护。
