Psychology Department, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
Hum Factors. 2013 Aug;55(4):815-29. doi: 10.1177/0018720812472189.
We report an experiment in which we investigated differential transfer between unimanual (one-handed), bimanual (two-handed), and intermanual (different peoples' hands) coordination modes.
People perform some manual tasks faster than others ("mode effects"). However, little is known about transfer between coordination modes. To investigate differential transfer, we draw hypotheses from two perspectives--information based and constraint based--of bimanual and interpersonal coordination and skill acquisition.
Participants drove a teleoperated rover around a circular path in sets of two 2-min trials using two of the different coordination modes. Speed and variability of the rover's path were measured. Order of coordination modes was manipulated to examine differential transfer and mode effects.
Differential transfer analyses revealed patterns of positive transfer from simpler (localized spatiotemporal constraints) to more complex (distributed spatiotemporal constraints) coordination modes paired with negative transfer in the opposite direction. Mode effects indicated that intermanual performance was significantly faster than unimanual performance, and bimanual performance was intermediate. Importantly, all of these effects disappeared with practice.
The observed patterns of differential transfer between coordination modes may be better accounted for by a constraint-based explanation of differential transfer than by an information-based one. Mode effects may be attributable to anticipatory movements based on dyads' access to mutual visual information.
Although people may be faster using more-complex coordination modes, when operators transition between modes, they may be more effective transitioning from simpler (e.g., bimanual) to more complex (e.g., intermanual) modes than vice versa. However, this difference may be critical only for novel or rarely practiced tasks.
我们报告了一项实验，在该实验中，我们研究了单手（单手）、双手（双手）和双手（不同人的手）协调模式之间的差异转移。
人们执行某些手动任务的速度比其他任务快（“模式效应”）。但是，对于协调模式之间的转移知之甚少。为了研究差异转移，我们从双手和人际协调以及技能获取的基于信息和基于约束的两个角度来提出假设。
参与者使用两种不同的协调模式在两组 2 分钟的试验中围绕圆形路径驱动遥控漫游车。测量漫游车路径的速度和可变性。协调模式的顺序被操纵以检查差异转移和模式效应。
差异转移分析显示出从简单（局部时空约束）到更复杂（分布式时空约束）协调模式的正向转移模式，同时在相反方向上存在负向转移。模式效应表明，双手操作明显快于单手操作，双手操作处于中间。重要的是，所有这些效果在练习后都消失了。
协调模式之间观察到的差异转移模式可能更好地用差异转移的基于约束的解释来解释，而不是用基于信息的解释。模式效应可能归因于基于对相互视觉信息的预测性运动的双元组访问。
尽管人们可能使用更复杂的协调模式更快，但当操作员在模式之间转换时，他们可能更有效地从简单（例如，双手）模式转换到更复杂（例如，双手）模式，而不是相反。然而，这种差异可能仅对新的或很少练习的任务至关重要。
