Gorman Jamie C, Crites Michael J
a Department of Psychological Sciences , Texas Tech University , Lubbock , TX , USA.
Ergonomics. 2015;58(5):680-97. doi: 10.1080/00140139.2014.990523. Epub 2014 Dec 24.
Studies indicate that novices are faster in manual tasks when performing with a partner ('intermanual') than with their own two hands ('bimanual'). The generality of this 'mode effect' was examined using a highly practised bimanual task, shoe tying, at which participants were experts. Speed-variability correlations confirmed participants were bimanually skilled but not intermanually skilled. Contrary to results using novices, intermanual was slower, such that prior skill reverses the effect. Analyses incorporating the similarity of shoe-tying strategies across dyads implicated a perceptual rather than shared knowledge/representation basis for intermanual performance. Practice effects indicated that intermanual performance built upon prior bimanual skill, such that novel relative timings between dyads' hands must be acquired. Motor transfer effects provided support for this conclusion. During shoe tying, hands were tightly coupled in the intermanual mode due to the perceptual coupling constraints of intermanual performance. Increased coupling was correlated with slower performance. Implications for real-world tasks (e.g. surgical knot tying) are described.
研究表明，新手在与伙伴一起执行手动任务（“双手交互”）时比用自己的双手（“双手并用”）执行任务速度更快。使用一项高度熟练的双手并用任务——系鞋带，对这种“模式效应”的普遍性进行了检验，参与者在这项任务上都是专家。速度-变异性相关性证实参与者双手并用技能熟练，但双手交互技能不熟练。与新手的结果相反，双手交互的速度较慢，即先前的技能会使这种效应发生逆转。对不同二人组系鞋带策略相似性的分析表明，双手交互表现的基础是感知而非共享知识/表征。练习效应表明，双手交互表现建立在先前的双手并用技能基础上，因此二人组手部之间新的相对时间安排必须习得。运动迁移效应为这一结论提供了支持。在系鞋带过程中，由于双手交互表现的感知耦合限制，双手在双手交互模式下紧密耦合。耦合增加与表现变慢相关。文中描述了对现实世界任务（如手术打结）的启示。
