Newell K M, Shapiro D C
a Institute for Child Behavior and Development , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
J Mot Behav. 1976 Sep;8(3):233-43. doi: 10.1080/00222895.1976.10735077.
Two experiments were conducted to test predictions, arising from Schmidt's (1975) schema theory of motor learning, related to the effect of variability of initial practice upon subsequent transfer to another task. Rapid linear timing movements were employed to operationally separate the recall and recognition schemata. Experiment 1 showed that training at two different movement times, when given in an appropriate order, facilitated the recall and recognition of a subsequent transfer movement-time task, but only when the criterion movement time was sufficiently outside the range of initial practice. Experiment 2 increased the number of training movement times beyond two, but no reliable transfer effect occurred, although the variable practice groups showed significantly reduction of movement error on the initial transfer trials in the absence of knowledge of results. Overall, the two experiments provided some initial support for Schmidt's schema theory of motor learning. Diane C. Shapiro is now at the Department of Physical Education, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90007.
进行了两项实验来检验源于施密特（1975）运动学习图式理论的预测，这些预测与初始练习的变异性对随后向另一任务迁移的影响有关。采用快速线性定时运动来从操作上区分回忆和识别图式。实验1表明，当以适当顺序给予两种不同运动时间的训练时，有助于对随后迁移的运动时间任务进行回忆和识别，但只有当标准运动时间充分超出初始练习范围时才会如此。实验2将训练运动时间的数量增加到两个以上，但未出现可靠的迁移效应，尽管在没有结果反馈的情况下，可变练习组在初始迁移试验中运动误差显著降低。总体而言，这两项实验为施密特的运动学习图式理论提供了一些初步支持。黛安·C·夏皮罗现任职于南加州大学体育系，地址为加利福尼亚州洛杉矶90007。
