Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
Emerg Infect Dis. 2013;19(9):1411-7. doi: 10.3201/eid1909.130299.
Although the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine is not recommended for mumps postexposure prophylaxis (PEP), data on its effectiveness are limited. During the 2009-2010 mumps outbreak in the northeastern United States, we assessed effectiveness of PEP with a third dose of MMR vaccine among contacts in Orthodox Jewish households who were given a third dose within 5 days of mumps onset in the household's index patient. We compared mumps attack rates between persons who received a third MMR dose during the first incubation period after onset in the index patient and 2-dose vaccinated persons who had not. Twenty-eight (11.7%) of 239 eligible household members received a third MMR dose as PEP. Mumps attack rates were 0% among third-dose recipients versus 5.2% among 2-dose recipients without PEP (p=0.57). Although a third MMR dose administered as PEP did not have a significant effect, it may offer some benefits in specific outbreak contexts.
虽然麻疹-腮腺炎-风疹（MMR）疫苗不推荐用于腮腺炎接触后预防（PEP），但其有效性的数据有限。在美国东北部 2009-2010 年的腮腺炎暴发期间，我们评估了在东正教犹太家庭中，对索引病例家庭中腮腺炎发病后 5 天内给予第三剂 MMR 疫苗的接触者进行 PEP 的效果。我们比较了在索引病例发病后第一个潜伏期内接受第三剂 MMR 疫苗和未接受 2 剂疫苗接种的人的腮腺炎发病率。在 239 名符合条件的家庭成员中，有 28 人（11.7%）接受了第三剂 MMR 疫苗作为 PEP。第三剂疫苗接种者的腮腺炎发病率为 0%，而未接受 PEP 的 2 剂疫苗接种者的发病率为 5.2%（p=0.57）。虽然 PEP 中给予第三剂 MMR 疫苗没有显著效果，但在特定暴发情况下可能会带来一些益处。
