Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
Vaccine. 2019 Mar 22;37(13):1775-1784. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.02.030. Epub 2019 Feb 20.
The development and wide-spread use of mumps vaccine resulted in a dramatic and sustained decrease in the incidence of mumps disease; however, since 2000, an increase in the size and number of mumps outbreaks in the United States and other countries has sparked renewed interest in the durability of mumps-specific immunity elicited by mumps vaccination. The most likely explanation for mumps cases in previously immunized persons may be secondary vaccine failure, or waning immunity. In the current study, we examined changes in markers of measles and mumps immunity at two timepoints, approximately 7 and 17 years after two-dose MMR-II® vaccination, in a cohort of 98 healthy adults. Our results indicate that mumps IgG titers exhibited a large and significant decline during this time period, while mumps neutralizing Ab titers were relatively stable. There was a similar discrepancy with measles-specific immune responses. For both pathogens, neutralizing antibody titers were fairly low and, given the length of time since vaccination, may have already declined. These data suggest that specific immune outcomes may wane at different rates and highlight our currently incomplete understanding of protective immune responses to mumps and measles.
腮腺炎疫苗的开发和广泛使用导致腮腺炎发病率显著持续下降；然而，自 2000 年以来，美国和其他国家的腮腺炎爆发规模和数量增加，重新引发了人们对腮腺炎疫苗引起的腮腺炎特异性免疫持久性的兴趣。在既往免疫人群中发生腮腺炎的最可能解释可能是疫苗二次失效或免疫减弱。在当前的研究中，我们在 98 名健康成年人中，在接种两剂 MMR-II®疫苗大约 7 年和 17 年后两个时间点，检测了麻疹和腮腺炎免疫标志物的变化。我们的结果表明，在此期间，腮腺炎 IgG 滴度显著下降，而腮腺炎中和抗体滴度相对稳定。麻疹特异性免疫反应也存在类似的差异。对于这两种病原体，中和抗体滴度都相当低，而且考虑到接种疫苗的时间已经很长，可能已经下降。这些数据表明，特定的免疫结果可能会以不同的速度减弱，并突出了我们目前对腮腺炎和麻疹保护性免疫反应的理解还不完全。
