Brain Dynamics and Cognition Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM, CNRS Lyon, France ; University Lyon 1 Lyon, France.
Front Psychol. 2013 Aug 13;4:419. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00419. eCollection 2013.
Studies in cognitive psychology showed that personality (openness to experience, thin boundaries, absorption), creativity, nocturnal awakenings, and attitude toward dreams are significantly related to dream recall frequency (DRF). These results suggest the possibility of neurophysiological trait differences between subjects with high and low DRF. To test this hypothesis we compared sleep characteristics and alpha reactivity to sounds in subjects with high and low DRF using polysomnographic recordings and electroencephalography (EEG). We acquired EEG from 21 channels in 36 healthy subjects while they were presented with a passive auditory oddball paradigm (frequent standard tones, rare deviant tones and very rare first names) during wakefulness and sleep (intensity, 50 dB above the subject's hearing level). Subjects were selected as High-recallers (HR, DRF = 4.42 ± 0.25 SEM, dream recalls per week) and Low-recallers (LR, DRF = 0.25 ± 0.02) using a questionnaire and an interview on sleep and dream habits. Despite the disturbing setup, the subjects' quality of sleep was generally preserved. First names induced a more sustained decrease in alpha activity in HR than in LR at Pz (1000-1200 ms) during wakefulness, but no group difference was found in REM sleep. The current dominant hypothesis proposes that alpha rhythms would be involved in the active inhibition of the brain regions not involved in the ongoing brain operation. According to this hypothesis, a more sustained alpha decrease in HR would reflect a longer release of inhibition, suggesting a deeper processing of complex sounds than in LR during wakefulness. A possibility to explain the absence of group difference during sleep is that increase in alpha power in HR may have resulted in awakenings. Our results support this hypothesis since HR experienced more intra sleep wakefulness than LR (30 ± 4 vs. 14 ± 4 min). As a whole our results support the hypothesis of neurophysiological trait differences in high and low-recallers.
认知心理学研究表明，人格（开放性、边界薄弱、吸收性）、创造力、夜间觉醒和对梦境的态度与梦境回忆频率（DRF）显著相关。这些结果表明，高 DRF 和低 DRF 受试者之间可能存在神经生理特征差异。为了验证这一假设，我们使用多导睡眠图记录和脑电图（EEG）比较了高 DRF 和低 DRF 受试者的睡眠特征和对声音的阿尔法反应。我们在 36 名健康受试者清醒和睡眠时（强度为受试者听力水平以上 50 分贝）从 21 个通道获取 EEG，同时呈现被动听觉异常范式（频繁的标准音、罕见的偏差音和非常罕见的名字）。使用问卷和关于睡眠和梦境习惯的访谈，选择高回忆者（HR，DRF=4.42±0.25SEM，每周梦境回忆次数）和低回忆者（LR，DRF=0.25±0.02）。尽管设置令人不安，但受试者的睡眠质量总体上得到了保持。在觉醒时，与 LR 相比，HR 在 Pz（1000-1200ms）处的阿尔法活动下降更为持续，当听到名字时，但在 REM 睡眠中没有发现组间差异。目前的主导假设是阿尔法节律参与了对未参与当前大脑活动的大脑区域的主动抑制。根据这一假设，HR 中阿尔法活动的持续下降反映了对复杂声音的更深层次处理，与 LR 相比，抑制作用的释放时间更长。解释 HR 与 LR 之间在睡眠期间没有差异的一种可能性是，HR 中的阿尔法功率增加可能导致觉醒。我们的结果支持这一假设，因为 HR 在睡眠中经历了更多的睡眠觉醒（30±4 比 14±4 分钟）。总的来说，我们的结果支持高、低回忆者之间存在神经生理特征差异的假设。
