School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland 4343, Australia.
Int J Parasitol. 2013 Nov;43(12-13):1009-15. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2013.07.006. Epub 2013 Aug 19.
Although Ancylostoma ceylanicum is known to be an endemic and widely distributed hookworm of dogs and cats in Asia, its contribution to human morbidity as a potentially zoonotic hookworm remains largely unexplored. Since its discovery by Lane (1913) as a 'new parasite' of humans a century ago, the hookworm has been regarded as a 'rare' and 'abnormal' parasite and largely overlooked in surveys of human parasites. Recent molecular-based surveys in Asia, however, have demonstrated that A. ceylanicum is the second most common hookworm species infecting humans, comprising between 6% and 23% of total patent hookworm infections. In experimentally induced infections, A. ceylanicum mimics the clinical picture produced by the anthroponotic hookworms of 'ground itch' and moderate to severe abdominal pain in the acute phase. Natural infections with A. ceylanicum in humans have been reported in almost all geographical areas in which the hookworm is known to be endemic in dogs and cats, however for the majority of reports, no clinical data are available. Much like the anthroponotic hookworm species, patent A. ceylanicum adults can isolate within the jejunum to produce chronic infections that on occasion, may occur in high enough burdens to produce anaemia. In addition, the hookworm can act much like Ancylostoma caninum and be found lower in the gastrointestinal tract leading to abdominal distension and pain, diarrhoea and occult blood in the faeces accompanied by peripheral eosinophilia. Whether A. ceylanicum is capable of producing both classical hookworm disease and evoking morbidity through an uncontrolled allergic response in some individuals remains unascertained. Future investigations combining the use of molecular diagnostic tools with clinical and pathological data will shed further light on its role as a human pathogen. The control of this zoonosis necessitates an integrated and inter-sectorial "One Health" approach be adopted in communities where large numbers of dogs share a close relationship with humans.
虽然Ancylostoma ceylanicum 是一种已知在亚洲地方性广泛分布于犬猫的钩虫，但作为一种潜在的人畜共患钩虫，其对人类发病率的贡献在很大程度上仍未得到探索。一个世纪前，Lane（1913 年）发现该钩虫是人类的一种“新寄生虫”，自此以后，该钩虫一直被视为一种“罕见”和“异常”寄生虫，在人类寄生虫调查中被忽视。然而，最近在亚洲进行的基于分子的调查表明，A. ceylanicum 是感染人类的第二大常见钩虫物种，占总专利钩虫感染的 6%至 23%。在实验性诱导感染中，A. ceylanicum 模拟了由“地面瘙痒”引起的人源钩虫和中度至重度腹痛的临床症状。在几乎所有已知该钩虫在犬猫中流行的地理区域都有报道人类感染 A. ceylanicum，但对于大多数报告，都没有临床数据。与人类源钩虫物种非常相似，专利 A. ceylanicum 成虫可以在空肠内隔离以产生慢性感染，偶尔在足够高的负担下，可能会导致贫血。此外，该钩虫的行为与Ancylostoma caninum 非常相似，可在胃肠道的较低部位发现，导致腹部膨胀和疼痛、腹泻和粪便中的隐血，并伴有外周嗜酸性粒细胞增多。A. ceylanicum 是否能够产生典型的钩虫病，并在某些个体中通过不受控制的过敏反应引起发病，仍未确定。未来的研究将结合使用分子诊断工具与临床和病理数据，进一步阐明其作为人类病原体的作用。这种人畜共患病的控制需要在人与大量犬密切相关的社区中采取综合和跨部门的“同一健康”方法。
