Jones Brittany Pardue, Paul Audrey
Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA.
Pediatr Emerg Med Pract. 2013 May;10(5):1-23; quiz 23-4.
Asthma is the most common chronic disease of childhood, with asthma exacerbations and wheezing resulting in more than 2 million emergency department visits per year. Symptoms can vary from mild shortness of breath to fatal status asthmaticus. Given the high prevalence of asthma and its potential to progress from mild to moderate to life-threatening, it is vital for emergency clinicians to have a thorough understanding of acute asthma management. Current evidence clearly supports the use of inhaled bronchodilators and systemic steroids as first-line agents. However, in those who fail to respond to nitial therapies, a variety of adjunct therapies and interventions are available with varying degrees of evidence to support their use. This review focuses specifically on evaluation and treatment of pediatric asthma in the emergency department and reviews the current evidence for various modes of treatment.
哮喘是儿童最常见的慢性疾病，哮喘急性发作和喘息每年导致超过200万次急诊就诊。症状从轻微的呼吸急促到致命的哮喘持续状态不等。鉴于哮喘的高患病率及其从轻症发展为中度甚至危及生命的可能性，急诊临床医生全面了解急性哮喘的管理至关重要。目前的证据明确支持使用吸入性支气管扩张剂和全身性类固醇作为一线药物。然而，对于初始治疗无反应的患者，有多种辅助治疗和干预措施可供选择，且有不同程度的证据支持其使用。本综述特别关注急诊科小儿哮喘的评估和治疗，并回顾了各种治疗方式的现有证据。
