Ayo-Yusuf O A, Lalloo R, Johnson N W
Department of Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa.
SADJ. 2013 May;68(4):168-73.
To describe trends in the epidemiology of oral and of oro-pharyngeal (OAP) cancers in South Africa for the atest period available.
Data were obtained from the South African pathology-based National Cancer Registry. All new cases of OAP cancers diagnosed and confirmed histologically from 1992 to 2001 are included for the ICD-10 sites C00 to C14, excluding those involving the major salivary glands (C07-C08) and the nasopharynx (C11). OAP cancer incidence is reported by demographics (gender, age, race/ethnicity) and the anatomical sites involved. The analysis on anatomical sites was restricted to squamous cell carcinomas.
Overall, males had a much higher OAP cancer incidence rate (world age-Standardised incidence rate [ASIR] = 7.01/100 000 per year) than females (ASIR = 1.99). However, among Asian/Indian South Africans, OAP cancer incidence was higher among females (ASIR = 4.60) than among males (ASIR = 3.80). OAP cancer, excluding those involving the lip, was highest among Coloureds (ASIR = 5.72) and lowest among Blacks (ASIR = 3.16). OAP cancer incidence was stable overall, but incidence rates increased significantly among Coloured South Africans over the period under review (p < 0.05). Cancer specifically involving the oro-pharyngeal was most common among Coloureds and showed an increasing trend during the period under review.
Variations in the incidence of OAP cancers by gender, race/ethnicity and anatomic site indicate a need for culturally-targeted reductions in major risk factors, including promoting tobacco cessation and prevention of risky alcohol use. The implications of the role of the human papillomavirus (HPV) in the prevention of squamous cell carcinomas involving the oro-pharyngeal in South Africa require further investigation.
描述南非口腔癌和口咽癌（OAP）在可获得的最新时期的流行病学趋势。
数据来自基于南非病理学的国家癌症登记处。纳入1992年至2001年所有经组织学诊断和确诊的OAP癌症新病例，国际疾病分类第十版（ICD - 10）编码为C00至C14，但不包括涉及大唾液腺（C07 - C08）和鼻咽（C11）的病例。OAP癌症发病率按人口统计学特征（性别、年龄、种族/民族）和受累解剖部位报告。解剖部位分析仅限于鳞状细胞癌。
总体而言，男性的OAP癌症发病率（世界年龄标准化发病率[ASIR] = 每年7.01/10万）远高于女性（ASIR = 1.99）。然而，在亚洲/印度裔南非人中，女性的OAP癌症发病率（ASIR = 4.60）高于男性（ASIR = 3.80）。不包括唇部受累的OAP癌症，在有色人种中发病率最高（ASIR = 5.72），在黑人中最低（ASIR = 3.16）。OAP癌症总体发病率稳定，但在本研究期间，有色人种南非人的发病率显著上升（p < 0.05）。特别累及口咽的癌症在有色人种中最常见，且在本研究期间呈上升趋势。
OAP癌症发病率在性别、种族/民族和解剖部位上的差异表明，需要针对主要危险因素进行文化针对性的降低，包括促进戒烟和预防危险饮酒。人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）在南非预防累及口咽的鳞状细胞癌中的作用的影响需要进一步研究。
