Department of Speech and Hearing Therapy, Faculty of Humanities, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg.
Afr J Prim Health Care Fam Med. 2023 Aug 1;15(1):e1-e13. doi: 10.4102/phcfm.v15i1.3749.
Low- to middle-income countries account for 70% of global cancer deaths. Evidence of the changing prevalence of head and neck cancer in Africa in terms of gender, race and epidemiology will inform future research and health planning.
To synthesise epidemiological literature for head and neck cancer in Africa from 2010 to 2020.
A scoping review was completed. The Joanna Briggs Institute Population, context and concept framework confirmed the inclusion criteria. Studies from Africa that included participant demographics, the types, stages, signs and symptoms of head and neck cancer were selected. Five databases were used. Descriptive statistics was completed.
The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and MetaAnalysis guided the reporting of the findings. Of the 1891 articles downloaded, 66 were included in the final review. Nigeria produced the most studies and oral cancer at 74% was most prevalent. Substance abuse was the most prevalent cause. Diagnosis of head and neck cancers were in the late stage (stage IV) when signs and symptoms were severe. Males of lower socioeconomic status tended to have less health seeking behaviour.
Countries from North Africa produce the most research outputs on head and neck cancers. Gender differences were noted and may be linked to lifestyle choices. A range of head and neck cancers (HNCs) are prevalent however late diagnosis and severe symptomatology impact treatment options.Contribution: Earlier diagnosis and intervention to prevent late-stage diagnosis is necessary. Awareness campaigns linked to evidence on causes, habits and lifestyle choices, signs and symptoms are needed.
低中等收入国家占全球癌症死亡人数的 70%。了解非洲头颈部癌症在性别、种族和流行病学方面的流行变化，将为未来的研究和卫生规划提供信息。
综合 2010 年至 2020 年非洲头颈部癌症的流行病学文献。
进行了范围综述。乔安娜·布里格斯研究所的人口、背景和概念框架证实了纳入标准。选择了来自非洲的研究，包括参与者的人口统计学特征、头颈部癌症的类型、阶段、体征和症状。使用了五个数据库。完成了描述性统计。
系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目指导了研究结果的报告。在下载的 1891 篇文章中，有 66 篇被纳入最终综述。尼日利亚发表的研究最多，口腔癌最常见（74%）。物质滥用是最常见的原因。头颈部癌症的诊断处于晚期（IV 期），当体征和症状严重时。社会经济地位较低的男性往往寻求医疗保健的行为较少。
北非国家对头颈部癌症的研究产出最多。注意到了性别差异，这可能与生活方式选择有关。一系列头颈部癌症（HNCs）很常见，但诊断较晚和严重的症状会影响治疗选择。
需要更早的诊断和干预，以防止晚期诊断。需要开展与病因、习惯和生活方式选择、体征和症状相关的宣传活动，并提供相关证据。
