Genitourinary Oncology Service, Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA.
Semin Oncol. 2013 Aug;40(4):436-43. doi: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2013.05.013.
The introduction of therapy targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the mammalian target of rapomycin (mTOR) has significantly improved the outcome of patients with metastatic renal cancer. In this article a comprehensive overview of treatment choices for previously untreated patients with metastatic disease is given. Both established and emerging therapeutic options are discussed, as are prognostic factors predicting outcome.
血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）和雷帕霉素哺乳动物靶蛋白（mTOR）靶向治疗的引入显著改善了转移性肾细胞癌患者的预后。本文全面概述了转移性疾病初治患者的治疗选择。讨论了既定和新兴的治疗选择，以及预测预后的预后因素。
