The Donnelly Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada.
Cell Mol Life Sci. 2014 Feb;71(4):599-613. doi: 10.1007/s00018-013-1443-9. Epub 2013 Aug 23.
Histones are the primary protein component of chromatin, the mixture of DNA and proteins that packages the genetic material in eukaryotes. Large amounts of histones are required during the S phase of the cell cycle when genome replication occurs. However, ectopic expression of histones during other cell cycle phases is toxic; thus, histone expression is restricted to the S phase and is tightly regulated at multiple levels, including transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational, and post-translational. In this review, we discuss mechanisms of regulation of histone gene expression with emphasis on the transcriptional regulation of the replication-dependent histone genes in the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
组蛋白是染色质的主要蛋白质成分，染色质是真核生物中 DNA 和蛋白质的混合物，用于包裹遗传物质。在细胞周期的 S 期（即基因组复制发生时），需要大量的组蛋白。然而，在其他细胞周期阶段异位表达组蛋白是有毒的；因此，组蛋白的表达仅限于 S 期，并在多个水平上受到严格调控，包括转录、转录后、翻译和翻译后。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了组蛋白基因表达调控的机制，重点介绍了模型酵母酿酒酵母中复制依赖性组蛋白基因的转录调控。
