Stanley Donald E, Campos Daniel G
Perspect Biol Med. 2013 Spring;56(2):300-15. doi: 10.1353/pbm.2013.0019.
Establishing diagnoses is a crucial aspect of medical practice. However, this process has received comparatively little logical and pedagogical attention when compared to statistical methods for evaluating evidence. This article investigates the logic of medical diagnosis in order to fill this void. It is organized in three parts: the first attempts to explain why more attention ought to be paid to diagnosis, at least as much as to evidence; the second calls attention to the method of diagnosis by abductive reasoning developed in the 19th century by Charles Sanders Peirce (1839-1914); and the third demonstrates the use and pervasiveness of abduction by any other name in clinical diagnosis. We examine six diagnostic strategies in common use that contain most, if not all, of Peirce's structure of inquiry in science.
确立诊断是医学实践的一个关键方面。然而，与评估证据的统计方法相比，这一过程在逻辑和教学方面受到的关注相对较少。本文旨在研究医学诊断的逻辑，以填补这一空白。文章分为三个部分：第一部分试图解释为何至少应给予诊断与证据同等程度的关注；第二部分提请注意查尔斯·桑德斯·皮尔斯（1839 - 1914）在19世纪提出的通过溯因推理进行诊断的方法；第三部分展示了临床诊断中以其他名称出现的溯因推理的应用及其普遍性。我们研究了六种常用的诊断策略，这些策略即便没有涵盖皮尔斯科学探究结构的全部要素，也包含了其中大部分。
