Bellucci Francesco, Pietarinen Ahti-Veikko
University of Bologna, Italy.
Tallinn University of Technology, Estonia; Research University Higher School of Economics, Russia.
Stud Hist Philos Sci. 2020 Dec;84:12-19. doi: 10.1016/j.shpsa.2020.04.003. Epub 2020 May 12.
What sort of justification can be claimed for abduction? In this paper we reconstruct Peirce's answer to this question. We show that in his early works on the logic of science Peirce provided an abductive justification of abduction, and that in his mature writings the early solution is enriched by a reference to the place abduction has in a typical scientific inquiry. Since abduction is the first stage of inquiry by which a hypothesis is suggested and which then has to be subjected to inductive testing, the fundamental abduction (ur-abduction) that justifies abduction has also to be subjected to a verification by means of a fundamental induction (ur-induction), namely that the abduction that abduction is valid is verified by an appeal to the history of science.
对于溯因推理可以提出什么样的正当理由呢？在本文中，我们重构了皮尔士对这个问题的回答。我们表明，在他早期关于科学逻辑的著作中，皮尔士为溯因推理提供了一种溯因正当理由，并且在他的成熟著作中，早期的解决方案因提及溯因推理在典型科学探究中的地位而得到了丰富。由于溯因推理是探究的第一阶段，通过这一阶段提出一个假设，然后该假设必须接受归纳检验，所以为溯因推理提供正当理由的基本溯因推理（原始溯因推理）也必须通过基本归纳（原始归纳）进行验证，也就是说，通过诉诸科学史来验证溯因推理是有效的这一溯因推理。
