Division of Hematology/Oncology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon.
Int J Mol Sci. 2013 Aug 22;14(9):17279-303. doi: 10.3390/ijms140917279.
The step-wise development of colorectal neoplasia from adenoma to carcinoma suggests that specific interventions could delay or prevent the development of invasive cancer. Several key factors involved in colorectal cancer pathogenesis have already been identified including cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), survivin and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I). Clinical trials of COX-2 inhibitors have provided the "proof of principle" that inhibition of this enzyme can prevent the formation of colonic adenomas and potentially carcinomas, however concerns regarding the potential toxicity of these drugs have limited their use as a chemopreventative strategy. Curcumin, resveratrol and quercetin are chemopreventive agents that are able to suppress multiple signaling pathways involved in carcinogenesis and hence are attractive candidates for further research.
结直肠肿瘤从腺瘤到癌的逐步发展表明，特定的干预措施可能会延迟或预防侵袭性癌症的发展。已经确定了几种涉及结直肠癌发病机制的关键因素，包括环氧化酶 2（COX-2）、核因子 kappa B（NF-κB）、存活素和胰岛素样生长因子-I（IGF-I）。COX-2 抑制剂的临床试验提供了“原理证明”，即抑制这种酶可以防止结肠腺瘤和潜在的癌形成，然而，人们对这些药物潜在毒性的担忧限制了它们作为化学预防策略的使用。姜黄素、白藜芦醇和槲皮素是化学预防剂，能够抑制参与癌变的多种信号通路，因此是进一步研究的有吸引力的候选药物。
