Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
Adv Chronic Kidney Dis. 2013 Sep;20(5):433-40. doi: 10.1053/j.ackd.2013.06.005.
Since 1958, thousands of women with kidney transplants have become pregnant. Although most pregnancies in kidney transplant recipients are successful, they are high-risk endeavors. This seems more a function of the associated issues and comorbidities that often affect individuals with kidney transplants (eg, hypertension) or immunosuppression side effects rather than the kidney transplant per se. Regardless of the underlying pathophysiology, these pregnancies are associated with a high rate of preeclampsia diagnoses, preterm deliveries, Cesarean sections, and small-for-gestational-age babies. Given these risks, it is critical to counsel and inform transplant recipients and prospective transplant recipients of childbearing age and their partners regarding many aspects of pregnancy, including the need for contraception to prevent pregnancy after transplant, immunosuppression concerns, and the potential effect of pregnancy on the outcome of the mother, baby, and kidney transplant.
自 1958 年以来，成千上万的肾移植女性已经怀孕。尽管大多数肾移植受者的妊娠是成功的，但这是高风险的尝试。这似乎更多地是由于与肾移植相关的问题和合并症的影响，这些问题和合并症常常影响肾移植受者（例如高血压）或免疫抑制的副作用，而不是肾移植本身。无论潜在的病理生理学如何，这些妊娠都与子痫前期、早产、剖宫产和胎儿小于胎龄的高诊断率有关。鉴于这些风险，对有生育能力的肾移植受者和潜在肾移植受者及其伴侣进行咨询和告知，让他们了解妊娠的许多方面至关重要，包括需要避孕以防止移植后怀孕、免疫抑制问题，以及妊娠对母亲、婴儿和肾移植结果的潜在影响。
