Awwad Johnny, Nassar Anwar, Usta Ihab, Shaya Monique, Younes Zeina, Ghazeeri Ghina
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, POB 113-6044, Beirut, Lebanon.
Arch Sex Behav. 2013 Nov;42(8):1627-35. doi: 10.1007/s10508-013-0161-6. Epub 2013 Aug 24.
Many cultural and religious beliefs place virginity at a high level of social significance, in that women who lose their virginity before marriage may face humiliation, ostracism, divorce, and extreme violence. This led to an increase in the demand for virginity restoration through surgical hymen reconstruction among these cultures. However, data regarding the acceptance of hymenoplasty in societies that consider sexuality a taboo are scarce. In this cross-sectional study, we investigated the effects of gender and religion on sexual attitudes towards hymenoplasty, premarital sex, and virginity in a sample of 600 Lebanese university students. Our findings showed that approval of hymenoplasty was low among participants regardless of gender (25.7 % men vs. 19.1 % women) and religious affiliations (22.5 % Muslims vs. 22.3 % Christians). Arguments for rejection were rooted in moral ethics and personal convictions: "form of deceiving and cheating" (80.7 %) and "betrayal of honesty in the relationship" (80.4 %). Reasons for acceptance included: personal belief in "women's rights, autonomy, and freedom" (72.2 %) and "physical harm and death" (63.5 %).Male participants were more likely to approve premarital coital sex than females (61.0 vs. 27.3 %). Muslims were also more likely to reject marrying a non-virgin than Christians (39.9 vs. 18.0 %). Female participants expressed more tolerance towards marrying a non-virgin male partner (78.3 vs. 57.3 %). Low acceptance of hymenoplasty among Lebanese university students was found to be related to moral ethics and personal convictions independently from gender and religious affiliation. Differences in sexual attitudes towards premarital coital sex and virginity, however, were more significantly influenced by culture and religion.
许多文化和宗教信仰都将贞操置于很高的社会重要性层面，因为婚前失去贞操的女性可能会面临羞辱、排斥、离婚以及极端暴力。这导致在这些文化中，通过处女膜修复手术来恢复贞操的需求有所增加。然而，在将性行为视为禁忌的社会中，关于处女膜修复术接受情况的数据却很稀少。在这项横断面研究中，我们调查了600名黎巴嫩大学生样本中性别和宗教对处女膜修复术、婚前性行为及贞操的性态度的影响。我们的研究结果表明，无论性别（男性为25.7%，女性为19.1%）和宗教信仰（穆斯林为22.5%，基督徒为22.3%）如何，参与者对处女膜修复术的认可率都很低。拒绝的理由源于道德伦理和个人信念：“欺骗和欺诈的形式”（80.7%）以及“在关系中背叛诚实”（80.4%）。接受的理由包括：个人对“女性权利、自主权和自由”的信念（72.2%）以及“身体伤害和死亡”（63.5%）。男性参与者比女性更有可能认可婚前性交（分别为61.0%和27.3%）。穆斯林也比基督徒更有可能拒绝与非处女结婚（分别为39.9%和18.0%）。女性参与者对与非处女男性伴侣结婚表现出更高的容忍度（分别为78.3%和57.3%）。研究发现，黎巴嫩大学生对处女膜修复术的低接受度与道德伦理和个人信念有关，且独立于性别和宗教信仰。然而，对婚前性交和贞操的性态度差异受文化和宗教的影响更为显著。
