Johns Hopkins Global Center on Childhood Obesity, Department of International Health Human Nutrition Program, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea.
Obes Rev. 2013 Nov;14(11):871-82. doi: 10.1111/obr.12065. Epub 2013 Aug 27.
Over the past three decades, twin studies have shown variation in the heritability of obesity. This study examined the difference of body mass index (BMI) heritability (BMI-H) by population characteristics, such as sex, age, time period of observation and average BMI, as well as by broad social-environmental factors as indicated by country-level gross domestic product (GDP) per capita and GDP growth rate.
Twin studies that reported BMI-H and were published in English from January 1990 to February 2011 after excluding those with disease, special occupations or combined heritability estimates for country/ethnic groups were searched in PubMed. 32 studies were identified from Finland (7), the United Kingdom (6), the United States (3), Denmark (3), China (3), Netherlands (2), South Korea (2), Sweden (2) and four from other countries. Meta-regression models with random effects were used to assess variation in BMI-H.
Heterogeneity of BMI-H is significantly attributable to variations in age (<20, 20-55 and ≥56 years), time period of observation (i.e. year of data collection), average BMI and GDP (≤$20,000, $20,001-26,000 and >$26,000). BMI-H was higher in adolescents (<20 years), in studies done in past years, and in populations with higher average BMIs or higher GDP per capita (≥$26,000) than their counterparts. Consistent lowering effects of high GDP growth rate (>median) on BMI-H were shown through stratified analyses by GDP. BMI-H was lower in countries of mid-level GDP, particularly those experiencing rapid economic growth.
BMI-H is sensitive to age, time period of observation, average BMI, GDP and rapid economic growth.
在过去的三十年中，双胞胎研究表明肥胖的遗传性存在差异。本研究通过人口特征（如性别、年龄、观察时间段以及平均 BMI）以及国家层面的人均国内生产总值（GDP）和 GDP 增长率等广泛的社会环境因素，研究了体重指数（BMI）遗传性（BMI-H）的差异。
在 PubMed 中搜索了从 1990 年 1 月至 2011 年 2 月以英文发表的、排除了患有疾病、特殊职业或对国家/民族群体进行联合遗传估计的 BMI-H 报告的双胞胎研究。从芬兰（7 项）、英国（6 项）、美国（3 项）、丹麦（3 项）、中国（3 项）、荷兰（2 项）、韩国（2 项）、瑞典（2 项）以及其他四个国家共确定了 32 项研究。使用具有随机效应的荟萃回归模型来评估 BMI-H 的变化。
BMI-H 的异质性主要归因于年龄（<20 岁、20-55 岁和≥56 岁）、观察时间段（即数据收集年份）、平均 BMI 和 GDP（≤$20,000、$20,001-26,000 和>$26,000）的变化。青少年（<20 岁）、近年来开展的研究以及平均 BMI 或人均 GDP 较高（≥$26,000）的人群中，BMI-H 更高。通过按 GDP 分层分析，高 GDP 增长率（>中位数）对 BMI-H 表现出持续降低的影响。在中等 GDP 国家，特别是那些经历快速经济增长的国家，BMI-H 较低。
BMI-H 对年龄、观察时间段、平均 BMI、GDP 和快速经济增长敏感。
