Levine S B, Risen C B, Althof S E
Department of Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Ohio.
J Sex Marital Ther. 1990 Summer;16(2):89-102. doi: 10.1080/00926239008405255.
Increasing clinical experience has allowed the formulation of three psychodynamic viewpoints about the nature of the paraphilic disorder. Paraphilia is a disorder of sexual identity development, often solely of the intention component, that has three characteristics: a long-standing, highly arousing, unusual erotic preoccupation; a pressure to act upon the erotic fantasy; sexual dysfunction with a partner during conventional sexual behavior. Paraphilia is also a disorder of self-regulation characterized by a considerable gap between personal aspirations and behaviors. Finally, paraphilia is a dramatic impairment in the capacity to love. Two rarely recognized issues complicate the nosology of paraphilia: Many related sexual problems are often confused with paraphilia, and some paraphilias manifest themselves as variations in gender identity and object choice. The defensive functions of paraphilia are discussed and common terms used in conjunction with paraphilia are redefined.
随着临床经验的增加，人们对性偏好障碍的本质形成了三种心理动力学观点。性偏好障碍是一种性身份发展障碍，通常仅涉及意图成分，具有三个特征：长期存在、高度唤起、异常的性偏好；按照性幻想行事的压力；在传统性行为中与伴侣存在性功能障碍。性偏好障碍也是一种自我调节障碍，其特征是个人愿望与行为之间存在相当大的差距。最后，性偏好障碍是爱的能力的严重受损。有两个很少被认识到的问题使性偏好障碍的分类学变得复杂：许多相关的性问题常常与性偏好障碍相混淆，而且一些性偏好障碍表现为性别认同和对象选择的变化。本文讨论了性偏好障碍的防御功能，并重新定义了与性偏好障碍相关的常用术语。
