Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, , Helsinki, Finland.
Br J Sports Med. 2013 Oct;47(15):986-91. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2013-092676. Epub 2013 Aug 28.
Foul play has been considered as one of the most important known extrinsic risk factors for injuries in football.
To compare the incidence and characteristics of foul play injuries and non-foul injuries.
Team physicians' postmatch injury reports and official match statistics were obtained from all matches of the 2002, 2006 and 2010 Fédération Internationale de Football Association World Cups.
The number of injuries was associated with the number of fouls in a match. The incidence of foul play injuries (20.6/1000 match-hours, 95% CI 17.3 to 24.4) was significantly lower than that of non-foul injuries (42.6, 37.7 to 47.9), which also applied to all playing positions. The causation of injury (foul/non-foul), match period and teams' drawing/losing/winning status were associated with the injury incidence. The interactions between the causation of injury (foul/non-foul) and match time, as well as the teams' drawing/losing/winning status or playing position were not statistically significant. The median (IQR) days of absence resulting from foul play injuries were significantly shorter than that of non-foul injuries. The lower leg and ankle were more common locations for foul play injuries than for non-foul injuries, whereas the opposite was observed for thigh injuries. Contusions were a more common type of foul play injuries than non-foul injuries, while the opposite was found for muscle strains/ruptures/tears.
The numbers of injuries and fouls in a match were significantly associated. No significant differences in the variation of foul play and non-foul injury incidences regarding match period, teams' current winning/drawing/losing status and playing position were observed, suggesting that foul play injuries and non-foul injuries may share similar underlying risk factors.
犯规已被视为足球运动中最重要的已知外在风险因素之一。
比较犯规造成的损伤和非犯规造成的损伤的发生率和特点。
从国际足球联合会 2002 年、2006 年和 2010 年世界杯的所有比赛中获得队医赛后的损伤报告和官方比赛统计数据。
损伤的数量与比赛中的犯规数量有关。犯规造成的损伤发生率（20.6/1000 比赛小时，95%CI 17.3 至 24.4）明显低于非犯规造成的损伤（42.6，37.7 至 47.9），这也适用于所有比赛位置。损伤的原因（犯规/非犯规）、比赛时段以及球队的平局/输/赢状态与损伤的发生率有关。损伤原因（犯规/非犯规）与比赛时间之间的相互作用，以及球队的平局/输/赢状态或比赛位置之间的相互作用均无统计学意义。犯规造成的损伤导致的缺阵天数中位数（IQR）明显短于非犯规造成的损伤。小腿和脚踝是犯规造成的损伤比非犯规造成的损伤更常见的部位，而大腿损伤则相反。挫伤是犯规造成的损伤比非犯规造成的损伤更常见的类型，而肌肉拉伤/撕裂/断裂则相反。
比赛中的损伤数量和犯规数量有显著的相关性。在比赛时段、球队当前的胜负平状态和比赛位置方面，犯规和非犯规损伤的发生率没有明显差异，这表明犯规损伤和非犯规损伤可能具有相似的潜在风险因素。
