Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, St Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan.
Am J Sports Med. 2012 May;40(5):1006-14. doi: 10.1177/0363546512438695. Epub 2012 Mar 9.
Few prospective epidemiological studies on soccer match injuries have collected continuous data using subjects from the same group.
To investigate long-term injury-induced changes during official matches in the professional Japanese soccer league.
Descriptive epidemiological study.
Acute injuries during official matches among top-division Japanese professional soccer leaguers were prospectively collected from 1993 to 2007. Injuries preventing player participation for 7 days or more were defined as a reportable injury. Interseasonal variations of injury rate (IR: injuries/1000/player hours) and injury pattern (type, location, circumstances, severity, injury time, positional role, and relationship to weather) were analyzed.
Throughout the study period, 2947 injuries from 3984 matches occurred. Mean annual IR was 21.77/1000 player hours, and annual variance showed gradual decrement throughout the study period. The proportion of injury type and location were not significantly changed. Sprain and contusion as injury type and thigh and ankle joint as location were the most common in every season. Contact-related injuries comprised 73.3% on average and were observed to occur more frequently during the last 15 minutes and extra time of match play. The proportion of foul play-related injuries showed a clear declining trend. The proportion of severe injury showed a sporadic increase from 2001 to 2004. The second, fifth, and sixth 15-minute match segments showed a higher IR. Goalkeepers had a lower IR versus other field players. Matches on rainy days resulted in a lower IR than did those held under other weather conditions.
Long-term surveillance and statistical feedback of injury characteristics to organization members were considered effective in improving safer play awareness among players and for referees to reduce injury incidence, particularly foul play-related injuries.
鲜有使用同一群组受试者进行连续数据采集的关于足球比赛损伤的前瞻性流行病学研究。
调查日本职业足球联赛中正式比赛中长期损伤导致的变化。
描述性流行病学研究。
1993 年至 2007 年，前瞻性收集日本顶级足球联赛中顶级球员在正式比赛中发生的急性损伤。将导致运动员伤停 7 天或以上的损伤定义为需报告的损伤。分析赛季间损伤率（IR：损伤/1000/球员小时）和损伤类型（类型、部位、情况、严重程度、损伤时间、位置角色以及与天气的关系）的变化。
在整个研究期间，3984 场比赛共发生 2947 次损伤。平均年 IR 为 21.77/1000 名球员小时，且每年的变化呈逐渐递减趋势。损伤类型和部位的比例没有明显变化。扭伤和挫伤作为损伤类型，大腿和踝关节作为损伤部位，在每个赛季均最为常见。接触性损伤平均占 73.3%，且更多发生在比赛的最后 15 分钟和加时赛中。犯规相关损伤的比例呈明显下降趋势。严重损伤的比例从 2001 年到 2004 年呈零星增加。第二段、第五段和第六段 15 分钟比赛片段的 IR 更高。与其他场上球员相比，守门员的 IR 更低。雨天比赛的 IR 低于其他天气条件下的比赛。
对组织成员进行长期的损伤特征监测和统计反馈，被认为可有效提高运动员的安全意识，减少犯规相关损伤，从而降低损伤发生率。
