Czajka Kamila, Fiszer Kamila, Kołodziej Małgorzata
Department of Biostructure, University School of Physical Education in Wroclaw, Poland.
Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig. 2013;64(2):135-41.
Changes to the body and its proportions, especially body mass, are frequently and critically assessed by the young according to peer pressure and opinions prevalent in their living and home surroundings, as well as through role models created by the media; particularly those promoting fashions for having a slim figures. The desire to achieve this ideal, is thus responsible for adolescents undertaking a variety of actions/behaviour to regulate their body weight.
To compare healthy lifestyle behaviour in secondary school pupils living in towns and the countryside who have variable weights and heights associated with a self-assessment of body mass.
Subjects were n = 1,279 pupils aged 13-15 years, attending secondary school. Those from the countryside environments were n = 273 (136 boys and 137 girls), whilst those from urban areas, (towns) were n = 1,006 (512 boys and 494 girls). Both weights and heights were measured and the Body Mass Index (BMI) determined. Threshold values for overweight, obesity and underweight, were used to assign BMI groups according to the procedure of Cole et al. Perceptions on how subjects assessed their body weight and remedial actions so arising, were surveyed using the Youth Risk Behaviour Survey (YRBS) questionnaire. The relationships between the factors studied were subjected to log-linear analysis and their significance evaluated by Chi2 test using a significance level of p < or = 0.05.
No significant differences were found in the observed frequencies of overweight, obesity and underweight groups between students from the different environments studied. Pupils having a normal body mass constituted 68.9% of total subjects. There were also no differences seen in body weight perception between the various environments. Approximately 70% of subjects properly assessed their own body mass, however the methods of its assessment differed between boys and girls. The main ways adopted for regulating body mass was found to be exercise and diet in both student groups. Significantly more girl pupils living in towns, (54.9%) did physical exercises, aimed at weight reduction, compared to those living in the countryside (43.8%).
Only small differences in observed frequencies of height-weight were seen between urban and rural dwelling pupils; the same being true for lifestyle behaviour in controlling weight. Irrespective of residence, two thirds of pupils, aged 13-16 years, correctly assessed their own body mass. In children and adolescents, improving self-awareness of body proportions can be achieved through educating on what the significance of having a healthy BMI is, effective ways of its estimation and safe methods for regulation.
年轻人常常会根据同龄人的压力、生活和家庭环境中普遍存在的观念，以及媒体塑造的榜样，尤其是那些推崇苗条身材时尚的榜样，对身体及其比例的变化，特别是体重，进行频繁且关键的评估。因此，追求这种理想身材的愿望促使青少年采取各种行动/行为来控制体重。
比较体重和身高各异且对体重有自我评估的城乡中学生的健康生活方式行为。
研究对象为1279名13 - 15岁的中学生。来自农村环境的有273名（136名男生和137名女生），而来自城市地区（城镇）的有1006名（512名男生和494名女生）。测量了体重和身高，并计算了体重指数（BMI）。根据科尔等人的方法，使用超重、肥胖和体重不足的阈值来划分BMI组。使用青少年风险行为调查（YRBS）问卷对受试者如何评估自己的体重以及由此产生的补救措施的看法进行了调查。对所研究因素之间的关系进行对数线性分析，并使用p≤0.05的显著性水平通过卡方检验评估其显著性。
在所研究的不同环境的学生中，超重、肥胖和体重不足组的观察频率没有显著差异。体重正常的学生占总受试者的68.9%。不同环境之间在体重认知方面也没有差异。大约70%的受试者正确评估了自己的体重，然而其评估方法在男孩和女孩之间有所不同。两个学生群体控制体重的主要方式都是运动和饮食。与农村地区（43.8%）的女生相比，城镇地区的女生（54.9%）进行旨在减肥的体育锻炼的比例显著更高。
城乡学生在身高体重的观察频率上仅有微小差异；在控制体重的生活方式行为方面也是如此。无论居住在哪里，三分之二的13 - 16岁学生正确评估了自己的体重。对于儿童和青少年，可以通过教育他们了解健康BMI的重要性、其有效估算方法以及安全的控制方法，来提高他们对身体比例的自我认知。
