Department of Mammalogy and Ornithology, Natural History Museum of Geneva, Route de Malagnou 1, BP 6434, 1211 Geneva 6, Switzerland.
Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2013 Dec;69(3):437-49. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2013.08.011. Epub 2013 Aug 27.
Sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome b (1140 bp) and nuclear Rag 2 (1148 bp) genes were used to assess the evolutionary history of the cosmopolitan bat genus Myotis, based on a worldwide sampling of over 88 named species plus 7 species with uncertain nomenclature. Phylogenetic reconstructions of this comprehensive taxon sampling show that most radiation of species occurred independently within each biogeographic region. Our molecular study supports an early divergence of species from the New World, where all Nearctic and Neotropical species plus a lineage from the Palaearctic constitute a monophyletic clade, sister to the remaining Old World taxa. The major Old World clade includes all remaining Eurasian taxa, most Oriental species, one Oceanian, and all Ethiopian species. Another lineage, including M. latirostris from Taiwan, appears at the base of these two major biogeographic clades and, because it bears nyctalodont molars, could be considered as a distinct genus. However, this molar configuration is also found in crown-group species, indicating that these dental characters are variable in the genus Myotis and may confound interpretation of the fossil record. Molecular datings suggest an origin of all recent Myotis in the early Miocene (about 21MYA with 95% highest posterior density interval 23-20MYA). This period was characterized by a global climatic cooling that reduced the availability of tropical habitats and favoured the development of more temperate vegetation. This sharp climatic change might have triggered the evolution of Myotis in the Northern continents, because Myotis ancestors seem to have been well adapted and successful in such temperate habitats. Ancestral area reconstructions based on the molecular phylogeny suggest that the eastern portion of the Asian continent was an important center of origin for the early diversification of all Myotis lineages, and involved relatively few subsequent transcontinental range expansions.
我们基于对超过 88 个命名物种以及 7 个分类地位不确定物种的全球采样，利用线粒体细胞色素 b 基因（1140bp）和核 Rag2 基因（1148bp）序列来评估世界性分布的蝙蝠属 Myotis 的进化历史。对这个广泛分类群采样的系统发育重建表明，大多数物种的辐射独立发生在每个生物地理区域内。我们的分子研究支持物种在新大陆的早期分化，其中所有近北极和新热带物种以及一个来自古北界的谱系构成一个单系群，是其余旧世界分类群的姐妹群。主要的旧世界类群包括所有其余的欧亚分类群、大多数东洋物种、一个大洋洲物种以及所有埃塞俄比亚物种。另一个谱系，包括来自台湾的 M. latirostris，出现在这两个主要生物地理类群的基部，由于它具有夜鹰型臼齿，可能被视为一个独特的属。然而，这种臼齿形态也存在于冠群物种中，表明这些牙齿特征在 Myotis 属中是可变的，可能会混淆对化石记录的解释。分子年代测定表明，所有现代 Myotis 的起源都在早中新世（约 21 百万年前，95%最高后验密度区间为 23-20 百万年前）。这一时期的特点是全球气候变冷，减少了热带栖息地的可用性，有利于更温带植被的发展。这种急剧的气候变化可能触发了北方大陆 Myotis 的进化，因为 Myotis 的祖先似乎在温带栖息地中适应良好并取得了成功。基于分子系统发育的祖先区域重建表明，亚洲大陆的东部是所有 Myotis 谱系早期多样化的一个重要起源中心，并且涉及相对较少的随后的跨大陆范围扩张。
