Gaczkowska A, Mertens B, Reckendrees B, Wortberg S, Pott E
Referat 1-11, Bundeszentrale für gesundheitliche Aufklärung, Ostmerheimer Str. 220, 51109, Köln, Deutschland.
Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2013 Sep;56(9):1270-8. doi: 10.1007/s00103-013-1791-5.
Achievement of the goal to eliminate measles by 2015 set by the European region of the World Health Organization (WHO) necessitates an increase in the willingness of German nationals to get vaccinated. To identify influential factors on vaccination behavior as the basis for communication measures specific to target groups, the Federal Centre for Health Education (BZgA) has conducted two representative surveys on attitude, knowledge, and practice concerning vaccination among parents of children between 0 and 13 years as well as among adolescents and adults. The parents' survey (n = 3,002) revealed that more than one-third see measles as a harmless disease. The survey of adolescents and adults (n = 4,483, 16-85 years) also shows that about one-quarter of the interviewees between 16 and 44 years regarded vaccination against measles as not very important. Moreover, 81 % of adults born after 1970 without sufficient existing vaccine protection were not aware of the new measles vaccination recommendation for this age group. Personal consultation with the physician was regarded as the major source of vaccination information in both surveys. About half of all persons interviewed intended to obtain information about vaccinations on the Internet. The results of these studies were used for the development of a nationwide multilevel BZgA campaign on vaccination protection against measles, its goal being to support medical professionals with comprehensive information and to enable adolescents and young adults via different communication measures to make well-informed vaccination decisions.
要实现世界卫生组织（WHO）欧洲区域设定的到2015年消除麻疹的目标，德国公民就必须提高接种疫苗的意愿。为了确定影响疫苗接种行为的因素，作为针对特定目标群体开展宣传措施的基础，联邦健康教育中心（BZgA）针对0至13岁儿童的父母以及青少年和成年人，就疫苗接种的态度、知识和实践进行了两项代表性调查。针对父母的调查（n = 3,002）显示，超过三分之一的人认为麻疹是一种无害疾病。针对青少年和成年人的调查（n = 4,483，年龄在16至85岁之间）还表明，16至44岁的受访者中约有四分之一认为麻疹疫苗接种不太重要。此外，1970年以后出生且没有足够现有疫苗防护的成年人中，有81％不知道针对该年龄组的新麻疹疫苗接种建议。在两项调查中，与医生的个人咨询都被视为疫苗接种信息的主要来源。所有受访者中约有一半打算在互联网上获取有关疫苗接种的信息。这些研究结果被用于开展BZgA在全国范围内的多级麻疹疫苗接种保护运动，其目标是为医疗专业人员提供全面信息，并通过不同的宣传措施使青少年和年轻人能够做出明智的疫苗接种决定。
