Takeshima Nobuo, Islam Mohammod M, Rogers Michael E, Koizumi Daisuke, Tomiyama Naoki, Narita Makoto, Rogers Nicole L
Sport and Life Science, National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya, Kanoya, Japan.
Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2014 Jul;14(3):556-60. doi: 10.1111/ggi.12132. Epub 2013 Aug 29.
Falling is the leading cause of injury-related deaths in older adults, and a loss of balance is often the precursor to a fall. However, little is known about the rate at which balance declines with age. The objective of the present study was to determine whether there is an age-associated decline in static (SB) and/or dynamic (DB) balance in community-dwelling older women.
SB and DB were determined in 971 older women. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were used to determine test-retest reliability. Sway velocity was used to measure SB standing on a platform and foam with eyes open and closed. DB was characterized by limits of stability (LOS) that measured end-point excursion (EXE) and maximum excursion (MXE) of the body's center of pressure.
ICC for EXE and MXE for the LOS test were excellent (EPE = 0.96, MXE = 0.96). ICC for SB tests, except for the eyes open firm surface condition (ICC = 0.10), showed a high level of reproducibility (ICC = 0.88 and 0.90). Relationships existed between age and SB (r = 0.31, P < 0.001), and between age and DB (r = -0.46--0.48, P < 0.001). The rate of decline for both DB and SB was approximately 1% per year. Age was significantly associated with all balance measures. DB got significantly lower with advancing age until 80 years, and then plateaued. SB did not decline with age until 80 years, and then decreased significantly thereafter.
Although large individual variation was found with balance ability, an age-related decline was found with both dynamic and static balance for Japanese older women.
跌倒为老年人与损伤相关死亡的主要原因，而平衡丧失往往是跌倒的先兆。然而，对于平衡随年龄下降的速率知之甚少。本研究的目的是确定社区居住的老年女性在静态（SB）和/或动态（DB）平衡方面是否存在与年龄相关的下降。
对971名老年女性进行了SB和DB测定。使用组内相关系数（ICC）来确定重测信度。摆动速度用于测量在睁眼和闭眼状态下站在平台和泡沫上时的SB。DB通过稳定性极限（LOS）来表征，该指标测量身体压力中心的终点偏移（EXE）和最大偏移（MXE）。
LOS测试中EXE和MXE的ICC非常好（EPE = 0.96，MXE = 0.96）。SB测试的ICC，除了睁眼坚实表面条件下（ICC = 0.10），显示出高度的可重复性（ICC = 0.88和0.90）。年龄与SB之间存在相关性（r = 0.31，P < 0.001），年龄与DB之间也存在相关性（r = -0.46 - -0.48，P < 0.001）。DB和SB的下降速率约为每年1%。年龄与所有平衡指标均显著相关。DB随着年龄增长显著降低，直到80岁，然后趋于平稳。SB直到80岁才随年龄下降，此后显著降低。
尽管发现平衡能力存在较大个体差异，但日本老年女性的动态和静态平衡均存在与年龄相关的下降。
