George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA; Center of Excellence in Neuroergonomics, Technology, and Cognition (CENTEC), Fairfax, VA, USA.
Int J Psychophysiol. 2013 Nov;90(2):265-71. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2013.08.008. Epub 2013 Aug 28.
Recent work has identified an event-related potential (ERP) component, the incongruency negativity (N(inc)), which is sensitive to auditory Stroop conflict processing. Here, we investigated how this index of conflict processing is influenced by individual differences in cognitive style. There is evidence that individuals differ in the strategy they use to navigate through the environment; some use a predominantly verbal-egocentric strategy while others rely more heavily on a spatial-allocentric strategy. In addition, navigational strategy, assessed by a way-finding questionnaire, is predictive of performance on an auditory spatial Stroop task, in which either the semantic or spatial dimension of stimuli must be ignored. To explore the influence of individual differences in navigational style on conflict processing, participants took part in an auditory spatial Stroop task while the electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded. Whereas behavioral performance only showed a main effect of congruency, we observed the predicted three-way interaction between congruency, task type and navigational style with respect to our physiological measure of Stroop conflict. Specifically, congruency-dependent modulation of the N(inc) was observed only when participants performed their non-dominant task (e.g., verbal navigators attempting to ignore semantic information). These results confirm that the N(inc) reliably indexes auditory Stroop conflict and extend previous results by demonstrating that the N(inc) is predictably modulated by individual differences in cognitive style.
最近的研究发现了一种与事件相关的电位（ERP）成分，即不一致负波（N(inc)），它对听觉斯特鲁普冲突处理敏感。在这里，我们研究了这种冲突处理指标如何受到认知风格个体差异的影响。有证据表明，个体在他们用于在环境中导航的策略上存在差异；一些人主要使用言语自我中心策略，而另一些人则更依赖空间自我中心策略。此外，通过寻路问卷评估的导航策略可预测听觉空间斯特鲁普任务的表现，在该任务中，必须忽略刺激的语义或空间维度。为了探索导航风格个体差异对冲突处理的影响，参与者在记录脑电图（EEG）的同时参加了听觉空间斯特鲁普任务。虽然行为表现仅显示出一致性的主要影响，但我们观察到与我们的斯特鲁普冲突生理测量相关的预期三向交互作用，即一致性、任务类型和导航风格之间的交互作用。具体来说，仅当参与者执行非主导任务（例如，试图忽略语义信息的言语导航者）时，才观察到与一致性相关的 N(inc)的调制。这些结果证实了 N(inc)可靠地指示听觉斯特鲁普冲突，并通过证明 N(inc)可预测地受到认知风格个体差异的调节，扩展了先前的结果。
