National Wildlife Management Centre, Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Sand Hutton, York YO26 5LE, UK.
Theriogenology. 2013 Nov;80(8):829-38. doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2013.07.016. Epub 2013 Aug 30.
About 75% of dogs worldwide are free to roam and reproduce, thus creating locally overabundant populations. Problems caused by roaming dogs include diseases transmitted to livestock and humans, predation on livestock, attacks on humans, road traffic accidents, and nuisance behavior. Nonsurgical fertility control is increasingly advocated as more cost-effective than surgical sterilization to manage dog populations and their impact. The aims of this review were to 1) analyze trends in numbers of scientific publications on nonsurgical fertility control for dogs; 2) illustrate the spectrum of fertility inhibitors available for dogs; 3) examine how differences between confined and free-roaming dogs might affect the choice of fertility inhibitors to be used in dog population management; and 4) provide a framework of criteria to guide decisions regarding the use of nonsurgical fertility control for dog population management. The results showed that the 117 articles published between 1982 and 2011 focussed on long-term hormonal contraceptives, such as gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists, immunocontraceptives, and male chemical sterilants. The number of articles published biennially increased from one to five papers produced in the early 1980s to 10 to 20 in the past decade. Differences between confined dogs and free-roaming dogs include reproduction and survival as well as social expectations regarding the duration of infertility, the costs of sterilization, and the responsibilities for meeting these costs. These differences are likely to dictate which fertility inhibitors will be used for confined or free-roaming dogs. The criteria regarding the use of fertility control for dog population management, presented as a decision tree, covered social acceptance, animal welfare, effectiveness, legal compliance, feasibility, and sustainability. The review concluded that the main challenges for the future are evaluating the feasibility, effectiveness, sustainability, and effects of mass nonsurgical sterilization campaigns on dog population size and impact as well as integrating nonsurgical fertility control with disease vaccination and public education programs.
全世界约有 75%的犬只可以自由游荡和繁殖，从而导致当地犬只数量过多。流浪犬只带来的问题包括传染给牲畜和人类的疾病、对牲畜的捕食、对人类的攻击、道路交通事故以及滋扰行为。非手术生育控制越来越受到提倡，因为它比手术绝育更具成本效益，可以控制犬只数量及其影响。本综述的目的是：1）分析有关犬只非手术生育控制的科学出版物数量的趋势；2）说明可用于犬只的生育抑制剂的范围；3）检查圈养犬和流浪犬之间的差异如何影响用于犬只种群管理的生育抑制剂的选择；4）提供一个框架，用以指导关于使用非手术生育控制进行犬只种群管理的决策。结果表明，1982 年至 2011 年期间发表的 117 篇文章集中于长期激素避孕药，如促性腺激素释放激素激动剂、免疫避孕药和雄性化学绝育剂。每两年出版的文章数量从 80 年代初的一篇增加到 10 到 20 篇。圈养犬和流浪犬之间的差异包括繁殖和生存以及对不孕持续时间、绝育成本以及承担这些成本的责任的社会期望。这些差异可能决定将哪些生育抑制剂用于圈养犬或流浪犬。用于犬只种群管理的生育控制使用标准以决策树的形式呈现，涵盖了社会认可度、动物福利、有效性、法律合规性、可行性和可持续性。综述得出的结论是，未来的主要挑战是评估大规模非手术绝育运动对犬只数量和影响的可行性、有效性、可持续性以及效果，以及将非手术生育控制与疾病疫苗接种和公众教育计划相结合。
