Dumas G A, Preston D, Beaucage-Gauvreau E, Lawani M
Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
Institut National de la Jeunesse, de l'Éducation Physique et du Sport, Université D'Abomey-Calavi, Porto-Novo, Bénin.
Work. 2014;47(1):63-72. doi: 10.3233/WOR-131686.
In Western Africa, women continue performing heavy physical work that includes carrying loads on their heads during pregnancy. Women may adapt to pregnancy related body changes by modifying their postures to perform such tasks.
The objectives of this biomechanical task analysis study were to 1) determine sagittal plane postures of the trunk and upper extremities at specific events during the task of lifting and lowering a load to be carried on the head, 2) compare postures of pregnant and non-pregnant participants, 3) evaluate risk for musculo-skeletal disorders (MSD) with the rapid entire body assessment (REBA) criteria.
Twenty-six pregnant (26 ± 5 years, 159 ± 9 cm, 63 ± 15 kg, 25 ± 9 weeks of pregnancy) and 25 paired non-pregnant retail merchants were recruited in Porto-Novo (Benin).
Participants were recorded on video in a laboratory setting while they lifted a tray (20% body weight) from a stool to their head and then put it back down. Trunk inclination and knee, shoulder and elbow flexion angles were determined using Dartfish® software.
The trunk was bent by more than 80° at pick-up and set-down and knees were moderately flexed, significantly less (< 11°) for pregnant women, possibly because it was harder to lift the trunk, or for stability. For all postures analysed, the majority of trials were classified as "high" risk or "very high risk" for MSD.
Future research should investigate prevalence of MSDs in this population to confirm the results of this study.
在西非，女性在孕期仍继续从事繁重的体力劳动，包括头顶重物。女性可能会通过调整姿势来适应与怀孕相关的身体变化，以完成此类任务。
这项生物力学任务分析研究的目的是：1）确定在将头顶重物提起和放下的任务过程中，特定事件时躯干和上肢在矢状面的姿势；2）比较孕妇和非孕妇参与者的姿势；3）使用快速全身评估（REBA）标准评估肌肉骨骼疾病（MSD）的风险。
在贝宁波多诺伏招募了26名孕妇（26±5岁，身高159±9厘米，体重63±15千克，怀孕25±9周）和25名配对的非孕妇零售商人。
在实验室环境中，当参与者将一个托盘（体重的20%）从凳子举到头顶然后再放下来时，用视频记录他们。使用Dartfish®软件确定躯干倾斜度以及膝盖、肩膀和肘部的屈曲角度。
在拿起和放下时，躯干弯曲超过80°，膝盖适度弯曲，孕妇的弯曲角度明显更小（<11°），这可能是因为抬起躯干更困难，或者是为了保持稳定。对于所有分析的姿势，大多数试验被归类为MSD的“高”风险或“非常高”风险。
未来的研究应调查该人群中MSD的患病率，以证实本研究的结果。
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