Cleveland, Ohio From the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Case Western Reserve University.
Plast Reconstr Surg. 2013 Dec;132(6):1551-1556. doi: 10.1097/PRS.0b013e3182a80721.
This study maps the course of the lesser occipital nerve and its potential compression sites in the posterior scalp.
Twenty sides of 10 fresh cadaveric heads were dissected. Two fixed anatomical landmarks were used: the y axis was the vertical midline in the posterior scalp through the midline of the cervical spine. The x axis was a horizontal line drawn between the most anterosuperior points of the external auditory meatus. A topographic map of the lesser occipital nerve and its potential compression points was created.
The lesser occipital nerve emerged from the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle at an average of 6.4 ± 1.4 cm lateral to the y axis and 7.5 ± 0.9 cm caudal to the x axis. Branches of the occipital artery were found to interact with the lesser occipital nerve in 11 of the 20 hemiheads (55 percent). The mean location of the artery-nerve interaction was 5.1 ± 0.9 cm lateral to the y axis and 2 ± 1.45 cm caudal to the x axis. Two patterns of artery-nerve interaction were seen: a single site of artery crossing over the nerve in nine of 20 hemiheads (45 percent) and a helical intertwining relationship in two of 20 of hemiheads (10 percent). A fascial band was identified to compress the lesser occipital nerve in four of 20 hemiheads (20 percent).
This anatomical study traced the lesser occipital nerve as it courses through the posterior scalp and mapped its potential decompression sites.
本研究描绘了枕小神经在头后头皮的走行及其潜在的受压部位。
对 10 具新鲜尸体头标本的 20 侧进行解剖。使用了两个固定的解剖学标志：y 轴为颈椎中线通过后头皮的垂直中线；x 轴为外耳道最前上点之间的水平线。绘制了枕小神经及其潜在受压点的地形图。
枕小神经平均在 y 轴外侧 6.4 ± 1.4cm 和 x 轴尾侧 7.5 ± 0.9cm 处从胸锁乳突肌后缘穿出。在 20 个头半中，有 11 个（55%）发现枕动脉分支与枕小神经相互作用。动脉-神经相互作用的平均位置在 y 轴外侧 5.1 ± 0.9cm 和 x 轴尾侧 2 ± 1.45cm。可见两种动脉-神经相互作用模式：在 20 个头半中的 9 个（45%）中，动脉跨越神经单一部位，在 20 个头半中的 2 个（10%）中呈螺旋状交织关系。在 20 个头半中的 4 个（20%）中发现筋膜带压迫枕小神经。
本解剖学研究追踪了枕小神经在头后头皮的走行，并绘制了其潜在的减压部位。
