Nutrition Laboratory, Conservation Ecology Center, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA.
Am J Primatol. 2012 Mar;74(3):261-9. doi: 10.1002/ajp.21995.
Animal models to study the causes and consequences of obesity during infancy in humans would be valuable. In this study, we examine the patterns of fat mass gain from birth to 12 months in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus). Lean and fat mass was measured by quantitative magnetic resonance at 1, 2, 6, and 12 months for 31 marmosets, 15 considered Normal and 16 considered Fat (> 14% body fat) at 12 months. Animals were fed either the regular colony diet mix or a high-fat variation. Subjects classified as Fat at 12 months already had greater lean mass (198.4 +/- 6.2 g vs. 174.0 +/- 6.8 g, P = 0.013) and fat mass (45.5 +/- 5.0 g vs. 24.9 +/- 3.4 g, P = .002) by 6 months. Body mass did not differ between groups prior to 6 months, however, by 1 month, Fat infants had greater percent body fat. Percent body fat decreased between 1 and 12 months in Normal subjects; in Fat subjects, it increased. The high-fat diet was associated with body fat > 14% at 6 months (P = 0.049), but not at 12 months. This shift was due to three subjects on the normal diet changing from Normal to Fat between 6 and 12 months. Although maternal prepregnancy adiposity did not differ, overall, between Normal and Fat subjects, the subjects Normal at 6 and Fat at 12 months all had Fat mothers. Therefore, diet and maternal obesity appear to have potentially independent effects that may also vary with developmental age. Although birth weight did not differ between groups, it was associated with fat mass gain from 1 to 6 months in animals with > 14% body fat at 6 months of age (r = 0.612, P = 0.026); but not in 6-month-old animals with < 14% body fat (r = -0.012, P = 0.964). Excess adiposity in captive marmosets develops by 1 month. Birth weight is associated with adiposity in animals vulnerable to obesity.
在人类中,研究婴儿期肥胖的原因和后果的动物模型将是有价值的。在这项研究中,我们研究了普通狨猴(Callithrix jacchus)从出生到 12 个月时脂肪量的增长模式。31 只狨猴在 1、2、6 和 12 个月时通过定量磁共振测量瘦体重和脂肪量,其中 15 只被认为是正常的,16 只在 12 个月时被认为是胖的(> 14%的体脂)。动物被喂食常规的群体饮食混合物或高脂肪变化。在 12 个月时被归类为胖的动物已经有更大的瘦体重(198.4 +/- 6.2 g 比 174.0 +/- 6.8 g,P = 0.013)和脂肪量(45.5 +/- 5.0 g 比 24.9 +/- 3.4 g,P = 0.002)在 6 个月时。在 6 个月之前,两组之间的体重没有差异,但在 1 个月时,胖婴儿的体脂百分比更大。在正常组中,体脂百分比在 1 至 12 个月之间下降;在胖组中,它增加了。高脂肪饮食与 6 个月时体脂> 14%有关(P = 0.049),但在 12 个月时没有。这种变化是由于正常饮食的 3 只动物在 6 至 12 个月之间从正常变为胖。尽管正常和胖组的母亲孕前肥胖程度没有差异,但在 6 个月时正常、12 个月时胖的所有动物的母亲都是胖的。因此,饮食和母体肥胖似乎有潜在的独立影响,这种影响也可能随着发育年龄的不同而变化。尽管两组之间的出生体重没有差异,但在 6 个月时体脂> 14%的动物中,出生体重与 1 至 6 个月时的脂肪量增加有关(r = 0.612,P = 0.026);但在 6 个月时体脂< 14%的动物中没有(r = -0.012,P = 0.964)。在圈养狨猴中,多余的脂肪在 1 个月时就已经出现。出生体重与易肥胖动物的肥胖程度有关。