Department of Biology and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Košice, Slovak Republic.
J Environ Sci Health B. 2013;48(12):1080-8. doi: 10.1080/03601234.2013.824224.
To date, most data about the possible genotoxic effect of triazole pesticides are focused on laboratory animals resulting in limited information on further non-target organisms such as cattle. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of triazole (tebuconazole/prothioconazole) fungicide formulation on the induction of chromosomal aberrations (CAs), sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) and DNA fragmentation in bovine cultured lymphocytes. Our results showed that the fungicide formulation did not induce significant number of CAs in bovine cells after 24 h treatment. Nevertheless, the dose-dependent reduction of mitotic division was observed, with the strongest effect at 30.0 μg mL(-1) in both donors (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively). Prolonged 48 h exposure caused the increased level of breaks in treated cultures (3.0-15.0 μg mL(-1); P < 0.05) and significant decrease in mitotic index (MI). The tested fungicide failed to produce any statistical changes in the SCE frequency neither after 24 h nor 48 h treatment. However, the significant decline of the proliferation index (PI) was observed after 24 h indicating the fungicide influence on cell cycle kinetics. Prolonged 48 h exposure caused cytotoxicity reflecting in lower PI value relative to control mainly at the highest fungicide concentrations (30.0 μg mL(-1), P < 0.001). Using painting probes for bovine chromosomes 1, 5 and 7 (BTA1, BTA5 and BTA7) only low levels of aneuploidies were detected. Significant increase of polyploidy cells (P < 0.05) was induced by a 3.0 μg mL(-1) dose of the fungicide after 48 h. DNA fragmentation assay didn't reveal the presence of DNA nucleosome ladder in cell cultures at any time (24 h and 48 h) and fungicide concentration.
迄今为止，大多数关于三唑类农药可能遗传毒性的研究数据主要集中在实验动物上，因此关于进一步的非靶标生物（如牛）的信息有限。本研究的目的是研究三唑（戊唑醇/丙硫菌唑）杀菌剂配方对牛培养淋巴细胞中染色体畸变（CAs）、姐妹染色单体交换（SCEs）和 DNA 片段化的诱导作用。我们的结果表明，在 24 小时处理后，杀菌剂配方并未在牛细胞中引起明显数量的 CAs。然而，观察到有丝分裂分裂的剂量依赖性减少，在两个供体中，30.0 μg mL(-1)的作用最强（分别为 P < 0.01 和 P < 0.001）。延长 48 小时暴露导致处理培养物中断裂水平升高（3.0-15.0 μg mL(-1)；P < 0.05），并使有丝分裂指数（MI）显著降低。测试的杀菌剂在 24 小时和 48 小时处理后都未能引起 SCE 频率的任何统计学变化。然而，在 24 小时后观察到增殖指数（PI）的显著下降，表明杀菌剂对细胞周期动力学的影响。延长 48 小时暴露导致细胞毒性，反映在相对于对照的较低的 PI 值，主要在最高杀菌剂浓度（30.0 μg mL(-1)，P < 0.001）。使用针对牛染色体 1、5 和 7（BTA1、BTA5 和 BTA7）的绘画探针，仅检测到低水平的非整倍体。48 小时后，杀菌剂剂量为 3.0 μg mL(-1)时，诱导多倍体细胞显著增加（P < 0.05）。在任何时间（24 小时和 48 小时）和杀菌剂浓度下，DNA 片段化测定都未在细胞培养物中显示出 DNA 核小体梯的存在。
