Castaneda Benjamin, Ormachea Juvenal, Rodríguez Paul, Parker Kevin J
Laboratorio de Imágenes Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Pertú.
Mol Cell Biomech. 2013 Mar;10(1):43-65.
Elasticity imaging can be understood as the intersection of the study of biomechanical properties, imaging sciences, and physics. It was mainly motivated by the fact that pathological tissue presents an increased stiffness when compared to surrounding normal tissue. In the last two decades, research on elasticity imaging has been an international and interdisciplinary pursuit aiming to map the viscoelastic properties of tissue in order to provide clinically useful information. As a result, several modalities of elasticity imaging, mostly based on ultrasound but also on magnetic resonance imaging and optical coherence tomography, have been proposed and applied to a number of clinical applications: cancer diagnosis (prostate, breast, liver), hepatic cirrhosis, renal disease, thyroiditis, arterial plaque evaluation, wall stiffness in arteries, evaluation of thrombosis in veins, and many others. In this context, numerical methods are applied to solve forward and inverse problems implicit in the algorithms in order to estimate viscoelastic linear and nonlinear parameters, especially for quantitative elasticity imaging modalities. In this work, an introduction to elasticity imaging modalities is presented. The working principle of qualitative modalities (sonoelasticity, strain elastography, acoustic radiation force impulse) and quantitative modalities (Crawling Waves Sonoelastography, Spatially Modulated Ultrasound Radiation Force (SMURF), Supersonic Imaging) will be explained. Subsequently, the areas in which numerical methods can be applied to elasticity imaging are highlighted and discussed. Finally, we present a detailed example of applying total variation and AM-FM techniques to the estimation of elasticity.
弹性成像可被理解为生物力学特性研究、成像科学和物理学的交叉领域。其主要动机在于，与周围正常组织相比，病理组织表现出更高的硬度。在过去二十年中，弹性成像研究一直是一项国际跨学科的探索，旨在绘制组织的粘弹性特性，以提供临床有用信息。因此，已经提出了几种弹性成像模式，主要基于超声，但也基于磁共振成像和光学相干断层扫描，并应用于许多临床应用：癌症诊断（前列腺、乳腺、肝脏）、肝硬化、肾脏疾病、甲状腺炎、动脉斑块评估、动脉壁硬度、静脉血栓形成评估等等。在这种情况下，应用数值方法来解决算法中隐含的正问题和反问题，以估计粘弹性线性和非线性参数，特别是对于定量弹性成像模式。在这项工作中，将介绍弹性成像模式。将解释定性模式（超声弹性成像、应变弹性成像、声辐射力脉冲）和定量模式（爬波超声弹性成像、空间调制超声辐射力（SMURF）、超音速成像）的工作原理。随后，将突出并讨论数值方法可应用于弹性成像的领域。最后，我们给出一个将全变差和调幅调频技术应用于弹性估计的详细示例。
