Martínez Vizcaíno Vicente, Cañete García-Prieto Jorge, Notario-Pacheco Blanca, Sánchez-López Mairena
Nutr Hosp. 2013 Sep;28 Suppl 5:105-13. doi: 10.3305/nh.2013.28.sup5.6925.
Children obesity is considered a serious public health problem around the world. In Spain, the prevalence of overweight/obesity is reaching alarming figures, exceeding 35% of the children. Several hypotheses suggest that the energy balance model does not fit very well when analyzing the causes of the current obesity epidemic and, although genetics seems to explain up to 30% of the likelihood to become obese in infancy, has been suggested that genetics might be influenced by environment factors including vigorous physical activity (PA). Some recent systematic reviews indicate that there is enough evidence about the effectiveness of interventions to prevent obesity in children 6-12 years old; however, the heterogeneity of the effect, and the potential selection, information and publication biases that undermine the validity of these studies, thus their results should be interpreted with caution. In Spain, an extracurricular PA program of leisuretime (MOVI) has evidenced some effectiveness on reducing the adiposity and on improving the lipid profile in schoolchildren. To overcome some weakness of MOVI program, a second edition of this study was designed. The objectives of this review are twofold: 1) to analyze latest data of the obesity epidemic in Spain; and 2) to describe the main features of MOVI-2 program, and overall of the successful interventions to prevent children obesity.
儿童肥胖被认为是全球一个严重的公共卫生问题。在西班牙，超重/肥胖的患病率正达到惊人的数字，超过35%的儿童受此影响。有几种假说认为，在分析当前肥胖流行的原因时，能量平衡模型并不十分适用，而且尽管遗传学似乎能解释高达30%的婴儿期肥胖可能性，但有人提出，遗传学可能会受到包括剧烈体育活动（PA）在内的环境因素的影响。最近的一些系统评价表明，有足够的证据证明干预措施对预防6至12岁儿童肥胖是有效的；然而，效果的异质性以及潜在的选择、信息和发表偏倚破坏了这些研究的有效性，因此对其结果的解释应谨慎。在西班牙，一项课外休闲时间体育活动计划（MOVI）已证明在降低学龄儿童肥胖程度和改善血脂状况方面有一定成效。为克服MOVI计划的一些不足，该研究设计了第二版。本综述的目的有两个：1）分析西班牙肥胖流行的最新数据；2）描述MOVI - 2计划的主要特点，以及总体上成功预防儿童肥胖的干预措施的特点。
