Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
Fungal Biol. 2013 Sep;117(9):611-22. doi: 10.1016/j.funbio.2013.06.002. Epub 2013 Jul 9.
Understanding the systematics and evolution of clavicipitoid fungi has been greatly aided by the application of molecular phylogenetics. They are now classified in three families, largely driven by reevaluation of the morphologically and ecologically diverse genus Cordyceps. Although reevaluation of morphological features of both sexual and asexual states were often found to reflect the structure of phylogenies based on molecular data, many species remain of uncertain placement due to a lack of reliable data or conflicting morphological characters. A rigid, darkly pigmented stipe and the production of a Hirsutella-like anamorph in culture were taken as evidence for the transfer of the species Cordyceps cuboidea, Cordyceps prolifica, and Cordyceps ryogamiensis to the genus Ophiocordyceps. Data from ribosomal DNA supported these species as a single group, but were unable to infer deeper relationships in Hypocreales. Here, molecular data for ribosomal and protein coding DNA from specimens of Ophiocordyceps cuboidea, Ophiocordyceps ryogamiensis, Ophiocordyceps paracuboidea, Ophiocordyceps prolifica, Cordyceps ramosopulvinata, Cordyceps nipponica, and isolates of Polycephalomyces were combined with a broadly sampled dataset of Hypocreales. Phylogenetic analyses of these data revealed that these species represent a clade distinct from the other clavicipitoid genera. Applying the recently adopted single system of nomenclature, new taxonomic combinations are proposed for these species in the genus Polycephalomyces, which has been historically reserved for asexual or anamorphic taxa.
理解棒束孢真菌的系统发育和进化在很大程度上得益于分子系统发生学的应用。它们现在被分为三个科，主要是通过重新评估形态和生态上多样化的虫草属。尽管对有性和无性状态的形态特征的重新评估通常反映了基于分子数据的系统发育结构，但由于缺乏可靠的数据或形态特征相互矛盾，许多物种的归属仍然不确定。刚性的、深色的菌柄和在培养中产生类似毛壳菌的无性型被视为将物种棒束孢菌、多产棒束孢菌和裂褶菌棒束孢转移到虫草属的证据。核糖体 DNA 数据支持这些物种为一个单一的群体，但无法推断 Hypocreales 中更深层次的关系。在这里，从核糖体和蛋白质编码 DNA 的分子数据来自 Ophiocordyceps cuboidea、Ophiocordyceps ryogamiensis、Ophiocordyceps paracuboidea、Ophiocordyceps prolifica、Cordyceps ramosopulvinata、Cordyceps nipponica 和 Polycephalomyces 分离物的标本与 Hypocreales 的广泛采样数据集相结合。对这些数据的系统发育分析表明，这些物种代表一个与其他棒束孢属不同的分支。应用最近采用的单一命名系统，建议将这些物种在 Polycephalomyces 属中进行新的分类组合，该属历史上一直保留给无性或无性型分类群。
