Walker S P, Powell C A, Grantham-McGregor S M
Tropical Metabolism Research Unit, University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 1990 Jul;44(7):527-34.
The dietary intakes of stunted and non-stunted children were measured on enrollment to a longitudinal study of growth and development. Children aged 9-24 months were recruited by house to house survey of several poor areas of Kingston. All children with height for age less than -2 SD of the NCHS standards and weight for height below the standard median were enrolled. Alternate stunted children were matched for age and sex with the non-stunted child (height for age greater than -1 SD) living nearest. Dietary information was obtained by two 24-h recalls. Mean trainer-interviewer reliability was greater than 90 per cent throughout the study. Correlation between energy intakes on the 2 days was 0.68 (P less than 0.001). Stunted children had a significantly less varied diet, fewer dairy products and fruit than non-stunted children. Protein intakes met requirements. Energy intakes were similar in both groups and approximately 200 kcal below the recommended intake. Energy and protein intakes per kg were significantly higher in the stunted children than in non-stunted children (energy P less than 0.001, protein P less than 0.005). Greater morbidity in the stunted children could account for some, but not all, of this difference. Children with lower weight for height had lower intakes (energy P less than 0.05, protein P less than 0.01). Intakes were greater in children who lived in better housing, with more household possessions and whose mothers had more skilled occupations. Good reliability and the above associations indicate that the data are valid.
在一项关于生长发育的纵向研究中，对发育迟缓儿童和非发育迟缓儿童的饮食摄入量进行了测量。通过对金斯敦几个贫困地区逐户调查，招募了9至24个月大的儿童。所有年龄别身高低于美国国家卫生统计中心（NCHS）标准-2标准差且身高别体重低于标准中位数的儿童均被纳入研究。将发育迟缓儿童与居住最近的非发育迟缓儿童（年龄别身高大于-1标准差）按年龄和性别进行匹配。通过两次24小时回顾法获取饮食信息。在整个研究过程中，训练者与访谈者之间的平均可靠性大于90%。两天的能量摄入量之间的相关性为0.68（P<0.001）。发育迟缓儿童的饮食种类明显少于非发育迟缓儿童，乳制品和水果也更少。蛋白质摄入量满足需求。两组的能量摄入量相似，且比推荐摄入量低约200千卡。发育迟缓儿童每千克体重的能量和蛋白质摄入量显著高于非发育迟缓儿童（能量P<0.001，蛋白质P<0.005）。发育迟缓儿童较高的发病率可以解释这种差异的一部分，但不是全部。身高别体重较低的儿童摄入量较低（能量P<0.05，蛋白质P<0.01）。居住条件较好、家庭财产较多且母亲职业技能较高的儿童摄入量较高。良好的可靠性和上述关联表明数据是有效的。
