Godana Wanzahun, Mengistie Bezatu
Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia.
Rural Remote Health. 2013;13(3):2329. Epub 2013 Sep 10.
Diarrhoea kills more children than AIDS, malaria, and measles combined. Knowing the determinants of a disease enables us to design an effective intervention. The objective of this study was to identify the determinants of acute diarrhoea and associated factors among children under 5 years of age in Derashe district, south Ethiopia.
A community based unmatched case-control study supplemented with Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) was employed in rural kebeles (neighborhoods) of the district. Collected data were entered in Epi Info v3.5.3 (wwwn.cdc.gov/epiinfo/info/) and descriptive data analyses were performed using SPSS v16.0 (www.spss.com). Binary logistic regression analysis was used to measure the association between dependent and independent variables, calculatingodds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Statistical significance was set at α ≤0.05. Multivariable analyses were applied to identify the relative effect of explanatory variables on the dependent variable.
The study revealed that the occurrence of diarrhoea was significantly associated with lack of latrine ownership (adjusted [A] OR: 2.43, CI:1.19-4.87), lack of home-based water treatment (AOR: 2.25, CI:1.43-3.56), lack of improved water sources (AOR: 1.98, CI:1.16- 2.23) and consumption of left-over food (AOR: 1.65, CI:1.01-2.71).
The determinants of acute diarrhoea were of high preventive value (latrine ownership, availability of home-based water treatment, source of water and consumption of left-over food stored at room temperature), therefore health education on different mechanisms in diarrhoeal disease causation, and prevention methods, is recommended.
腹泻导致儿童死亡的人数超过艾滋病、疟疾和麻疹致死人数的总和。了解疾病的决定因素有助于我们设计有效的干预措施。本研究的目的是确定埃塞俄比亚南部德拉萨地区5岁以下儿童急性腹泻的决定因素及相关因素。
在该地区农村的凯贝勒（社区）开展了一项基于社区的非匹配病例对照研究，并辅以焦点小组讨论。收集的数据录入Epi Info v3.5.3（wwwn.cdc.gov/epiinfo/info/），使用SPSS v16.0（www.spss.com）进行描述性数据分析。采用二元逻辑回归分析来衡量因变量和自变量之间的关联，计算比值比和95%置信区间（CI）。设定统计学显著性水平为α≤0.05。应用多变量分析来确定解释变量对因变量的相对影响。
研究表明，腹泻的发生与缺乏厕所（调整后[A]比值比：2.43，置信区间：1.19 - 4.87）、缺乏家庭水处理（调整后比值比：2.25，置信区间：1.43 - 3.56）、缺乏改良水源（调整后比值比：1.98，置信区间：1.16 - 2.23）以及食用剩饭（调整后比值比：1.65，置信区间：1.01 - 2.71）显著相关。
急性腹泻的决定因素具有很高的预防价值（厕所拥有情况、家庭水处理情况、水源以及食用室温下储存的剩饭），因此建议开展关于腹泻病病因的不同机制及预防方法的健康教育。
